准分子激光角膜切削术治疗近视的并发症

为分析准分子激光角膜切削术（ＰＲＫ）治疗近视的并发症，对１３９例（２５７眼）ＰＲＫ术后随访半年至一年。结果表明：术后一年，低中度和高度组各有１眼最佳矫正视力丢失二行，分别占２．５％和３．３％；低中度和高度组的角膜上皮下１级混浊分别为１０．８１％和１５．１６％，２级混浊分别为２．７３％和０％；激素性高眼压，在发生率最高的３个月时，可分别达２４．３７％和２５．３２％，但这种反应性的眼压升高只是暂时的，容易控制；过矫和散光增加的发生率均较低，主要与术者的经验有关。随着术者经验的提高、手术设计的完善及术后用药的研究，这些并发症会降到最低水平。ＰＲＫ是安全、有效的。     

RNA-DNA杂交法研究乳酸脱氢酶-C基因在睾丸中特异性表达

用同位32~P标记乳酸脱氢酶-C(LDH-C)cDNA作为探针,与小鼠胸腺、脑、胰、心肌、骨骼肌、睾丸、肾、肺、肝的RNA以及人胰、皋丸、肝、骨骼肌、心肌及脑的RNA分别作点溃杂交(dot blot hybridization)及Northern印迹杂交,证实LDH-C基因只在睾丸中特异性表达。     

多粘菌素B琼脂糖层析柱清除体液中内毒素

用多粘菌素B琼脂糖亲和层析法清除内毒素,结果表明:5ml多粘菌素B层析柱的总吸附内毒素能力为450 μg,用此法可完全清除体液或各种液体中的内毒素,对血清及腹水中的内毒素也有明显的吸附作用,而其他各种主要成分(除内毒素外)经过处理后无明显改变。去氧胆酸是一种强有力的去污剂,可使已饱和的柱子复活,复活率达85％左右。该方法有简便,可靠,吸附能力大,柱子的复活率高等优点。本方法的建立为内毒素血症的治疗展示了新的前景。     

上海蓬莱地区龋病调查

目的为了查清蓬莱地区居民口腔健康状况，为制订预防计划提供基线资料，为口腔保健措施及口腔健康教育的监测与效果提供依据。方法采用分层，等比整群随机抽样的方法，所采用的诊断标准为第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的标准。结果患龋率分别为：５岁组６３．１％，１２岁组２８．６％，１５岁组３１．８％，１８岁组４３．６％，３５～４４岁组４１．３％，６５～７４岁组６１．８％。结论本次调查发现：①不同年龄组居民患龋率有明显差异。②本地区居民患龋率，龋均与第二次全国流行病学调查上海地区调查结果相比较低     

老年人食道病变呈心绞痛样胸痛13例分析

13例有心绞痛样胸痛的住院病人入院均诊有冠心病心绞痛,后均经ECG、8例心脏“B”超、核素心肌灌注及24小时动态ECG各2例,确诊冠心病5例,不支持冠心病8例;后均行GI,并同时行胃镜、食管24小时pH测定及压力测定各2例,确诊有胃食管反流疾病(GERD),本组自胸痛症状出现至GERD确诊病程平均29.5个月(0.5～120个月),报告2例典型病例,讨论了误漏诊原因,探讨了老年人食管性胸痛的诊疗程序。     

小儿卵黄囊瘤

本院1966年～1989年共收治小儿卵黄囊瘤37例,经血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)测定,光镜确定诊断又通过10例电镜观察,8例AFP免疫组化观察,文献复习,本文支持Teilum提出该瘤来源于卵黄囊瘤背壁的全能性生殖细胞的组织发生观点;1.胚胎卵黄囊有合成AFP能力,本文意儿血清AFP明显升高,免疫酶标可作AFP定位。2.超微结构观察:肿瘤形态与妊娠7周卵黄囊相似,电镜下可见到上皮性及间叶性成份相当于胚外内胚层及胚外中胚层成份。且讨论了该瘤的命名与畸胎瘤关系和免疫组化的应用     

Airborne emissions at skin surfaces: a potential biological exposure index

 Dermal exposures of methanol were administered in a clinical study designed to compare several biological indicators. Four subjects were exposed in five exposure sessions of varying length. In each session, a sequence of measurements of methanol concentrations in blood, breath, and headspace samples of air at exposed and unexposed skin were collected before and after dermal exposures. Skin headspace samples, collected in gas sampling bags, were designed to reflect equilibrium skin: air partitioning. At exposed skin, headspace samples were highly elevated for at least 8 h following exposure, indicating the presence of a methanol reservoir in skin. After exposure, methanol concentrations at exposed skin showed a rapid initial decline, then a slower first-order decrease. Methanol concentrations were clearly detectable in headspace samples at unexposed skin. Substantial transfer from exposed skin occurred due to mechanical contact and washing. When transfer was restricted, surface concentrations at unexposed skin were similar to levels in breath and were strongly correlated to methanol concentrations in blood. While results are preliminary due to the small sample sizes and several unresolved experimental issues, the simple, rapid, and noninvasive skin headspace measurements appear useful as a biological exposure indicator that clearly shows the presence and site of a dermal exposure, and measurements at unexposed skin reflect concentrations in blood. Received: 14 March 1995/Accepted: 3 November 1995     

大型垂体瘤不同手术入路治疗的比较研究

本文回顾性比较106例大型垂体瘤的开颅和经蝶手术治疗的比较。开颅组58例,经蝶组48例。开颅组肿瘤次全切除9例,大部切除48例,部分切除1例;经蝶组全切除35例,大部切除12例,部分切除1例。开颅组术后视力好转率71%,无变化12例,恶化3例。手术后偏盲好转率67%;经蝶组手术后视力好转率77%,无变化者11例,无1例恶化。手术后偏盲好转率93%。开颅组20例有额叶挫伤,其中1例并发脑内血肿,死亡4例。作者认为垂体腺瘤不长向鞍旁、海绵窦、前颅窝底和脚间池和肿瘤不呈瓶颈样生长者,都应优先考虑经蝶窦入路手术。     

偏心圆剥离法在隆乳术中的应用

以往以乳头为圆心的同心圆剥离法常形成假体的移位，使假体的体表轮廓与前方的自然乳房分离，产生“双重乳房”现象。在研究了女性不同体位下不同的乳房形态及总结了以前的经验后，提出了偏心圆剥离的概念。偏心圆手术设计方法：以乳头为圆心，按其内侧、下侧为直径３／５的比例，以外侧、上侧为直径２／５的比例，形成一偏心圆的剥离范围。偏心圆的直径因考虑到假体的不同形态、大小及底面直径，以经中心假体纵截面的周长的１／２再放大２ｃｍ，作为剥离范围的直径。自１９９１年１０月以来已应用了１７６例，无一术后移位现象，也没有固较多地剥离胸大肌内、下侧止点纤维而影响上肢活动。自然乳房并不是静态的圆锥形或半球形，它具有伸缩的组织学特点，又有随体位变动而变化的特点。用偏心圆法剥离，可使置入的假体与前方的自然乳房融为一体，消除“双重乳房”现象，而成为“真实”的乳房。同时也应积极寻找一种与身体组织相容性好的，弹性、比重与女性乳腺较为一致的，假体容量相对恒定的生物性材料。这样隆乳术才可以更广泛地开展。     

Role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive and 2 kidneys 1 clip rats.

The plasma endothelin (ET) level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 2K1C hypertension animal models and its vasoconstrictive effect on renal and tail arteries were studied. The results demonstrated that there was no difference in plasma ET level between the hypertensive groups SHR, 2K1C, normotensive control groups Wistar Kyot (WKY) and Sprague Dawley (SD), while the vasoconstrictive effect of ET in SHR was more dominant than in WKY. The EC50 of the renal and tail arteries in SHR (0.8912 +/- 0.1662 x 10(-8) M, 0.6103 +/- 0.0878 x 10(-8) M) was apparently lower than that in WKY (1.77 +/- 0.2991 x 10(-8) M, 1.2267 +/- 0.2502 x 10(-8) M, P less than 0.05), but no difference was found in 2K1C and SD rats. The four groups of animals exhibited no difference of such effects as response to norepine-phrine (NA). The findings suggested that the increased arteriole sensitivity to ET be an important factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR.