临床特征对酒精依赖复发的影响:前瞻性队列研究

目的 探讨人口学因素和心理渴求对酒精依赖患者复发的影响。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选择2017年8月至2018年8月在3家精神专科医院招募符合《美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第4版(Diagnositic and Statistical Manual Disorder-Fourth Version, DSM-Ⅳ)酒精依赖诊断标准的住院治疗的男性患者158例,进行基线测查,并在基线后3个月进行随访,调查复饮情况。基线测查包括人口学资料、饮酒特征、临床机构酒精依赖戒断评估表(clinical institute withdrawal assessment-advanced revised, CIWA-Ar)、环境线索诱导及戒断期心理渴求视觉模拟标尺评分(visual analog scale,VAS)、密歇根酒精依赖筛查量表(Michigan alcoholism screening test, MAST)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale, SDS)及饮酒促迫性量表(alcohol urge questionnaire, AUQ)。根据随访结果,将“复发”定义为在基线和随访之间任何时刻饮用含有乙醇的饮料,“复发时间”定义为首次饮酒距离基线的天数。是否复发和复发时间是主要结局指标,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响酒精依赖复发的因素。结果酒精依赖患者3个月复发率为63.7%, 多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析发现年龄(OR=0.975,P=0.030)及CIWA-Ar评分(OR=1.126,P=0.010)是影响酒精依赖复发的因素,两种环境下心理渴求与复饮差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论 年龄与住院期间酒精依赖戒断症状严重程度是酒精依赖复发的影响因素,其中年龄大是保护因素,戒断症状的严重程度重是危险因素,而线索诱导及戒断期心理渴求对酒精依赖患者复发的影响作用较小。     

伴皮层下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病的MRI表现

目的 探讨伴皮层下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(CADASIL)的常规MRI扫描及功能成像特征。方法 回顾性分析10例经基因检测诊断为CADASIL的患者临床及MR检查资料。其中,10例均接受常规MRI平扫(4例平扫+增强扫描),8例接受DWI,4例接受磁敏感加权成像(ESWAN),3例接受扩散峰度成像(DKI),3例接受三维动脉自旋标记(ASL)检查,2例接受单体素MRS检查。结果 常规MRI:双侧额叶及外囊受累10例,颞叶、放射冠及基底节受累9例,颞极受累8例,枕叶及顶叶受累8例,脑干受累6例,胼胝体异常改变4例,表现为对称性的长T1长T2信号;其中4例MRI增强扫描均未见强化。DWI:8例中5例可见多发异常增高信号。ESWAN:4例中1例可见右侧豆状核、右侧岛叶、左侧丘脑、左侧颞叶皮层下多发点状低信号。DKI:均见MR平扫所示脑白质信号增高区MK值异常增高。ASL:均见MR平扫所示脑白质信号增高区脑血流量下降。MRS:脑白质高信号区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)峰下降,乳酸(Lac)峰可见。结论 CADASIL的MR表现具有一定特征性,以皮层下、颞极、外囊、胼胝体、脑干受累为主。MR功能成像有助于定性诊断。     

桡骨远端B型骨折

目的：探讨桡骨远端B型骨折腕关节镜直视下复位后予Herbert螺钉固定治疗的临床疗效。方法：2013年6月至2015年7月,采用腕关节镜直视下手法复位及撬拨复位Herbert螺钉固定同时修复关节内软组织损伤的方法治疗桡骨远端患者28例,男15例,女13例;年龄17～69岁,平均45.3岁;病程为伤后4～7d。受伤后患者具有典型桡骨远端骨折体征,X线片及CT明确诊断,并确定不合并其余部位骨折及神经血管损伤,不合并严重内科疾病,无手术禁忌证。按AO/OTA分型：B1型8例,B2型7例,B3型13例。随访观察骨折愈合情况及腕关节功能恢复情况,并评定疗效。结果：全部患者无手术并发症发生,28例桡骨远端B型骨折术后均获随访,平均随访时间（12.1±1.4）个月,骨折全部愈合,测量掌倾角（15.2±3.4）°,尺偏角（20.4±6.4）°。根据Cooney腕关节评分量表评估疗效,优21例,良5例,可2例。术中关节镜检合并舟月韧带撕裂3例,合并月三角韧带撕裂1例,合并TFCC损伤16例。结论：腕关节镜辅助下复位Herbert螺钉固定治疗桡骨远端B型骨折可使关节面平整度最大程度恢复,应用Herbert螺钉固定创伤小,术后恢复时间短,减少骨折后创伤性关节炎的发病,同时可对骨折合并关节内韧带及软骨损伤一并修复恢复关节稳定性,降低腕关节慢性疼痛的发生率。     

Induction of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and hyperaldosteronism are essential for enhanced sodium absorption after total colectomy in rats

BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo total colectomy with ileopouch anal reconstruction often have persistent diarrhea and frequent bowel movements. Analysis of the intestinal adaptation after total colectomy may lead to developing novel therapies for postoperative diarrhea. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent total colectomy with ileoanal reconstruction and were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks later. Mucosal response to aldosterone was evaluated with the use of ileal mucosa in an Ussing chamber by measuring short circuit current after in vitro stimulation with aldosterone. We investigated the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD 2) in intestinal epithelial cells. To examine the role of hyperaldosteronism, we also evaluated rats treated with a sodium-deficient diet or subcutaneous aldosterone infusion. RESULTS: Aldosterone levels increased 80-fold after total colectomy. A comparable amount of aldosterone dramatically increased aldosterone-mediated, amiloride-sensitive short circuit current in the mucosa from colectomized rats, but not in control rats. We measured an increase in 11beta-HSD 2 messenger RNA and protein in the distal ileum from colectomized rats. Circulating aldosterone appears to be essential for these functional and molecular changes because similar results were obtained by using the mucosa from both dietary sodium-depleted and aldosterone-infused rats. CONCLUSIONS: Induction of 11beta-HSD 2 is essential for enhanced mineralocorticoid action in the remnant ileum after total colectomy in rats.     

上皮细胞条件培养液对BMSCs分化的影响

目的 探讨上皮细胞条件培养液(epithelial cell conditioned medium,ECCM)体外诱导犬BMSCs向上皮细胞分化的可行性.方法 成年健康雄性比格犬1只,体重10 kg.于犬髂后上棘采用骨髓穿刺法取骨髓5 mL,分离培养BMSCs.取犬口腔黏膜下组织,剪成约4 mm×4 mm大小,制备ECCM.取第2代BMSCs以2×104个/孔细胞密度接种,实验组于ECCM中培养,对照组于低糖DMEM完全培养基中培养.观察两组细胞形态特征,MTT法绘制生长曲线,诱导培养21 d免疫组织化学染色鉴定上皮细胞特异性标志物--细胞角蛋白19(cytokeratinl9,CK-19)和细胞角蛋白AE1/AE3,透射电镜观察细胞超微结构.结果 倒置相差显微镜下见两组细胞均呈长梭形,均匀分布,折光性较强,增殖迅速.两组细胞生长曲线均呈"S"形,实验组生长曲线较对照组右移,提示ECCM对细胞增殖有抑制作用.实验组CK-19和细胞角蛋白AE1/AE3免疫组织化学染色均呈阳性反应,对照组呈阴性.透射电镜下实验组细胞胞浆内可见紧密连接.结论 ECCM体外有诱导同种BMSCs向上皮细胞分化的作用.     

树突状细胞与尤文肉瘤细胞融合诱导肿瘤免疫应答的体外研究

目的检测尤文肉瘤细胞A673和树突细胞(DC)融合构建的肿瘤疫苗对尤文肉瘤细胞株A673 的杀伤作用.方法应用促融合剂PEG对尤文肉瘤A673细胞和从外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)诱生的树突细胞进行融合.利用细胞因子hGM-CSF和hIL-4从 PBMC诱生DC,并对其表型进行流式细胞仪(FCM) 分析,红色荧光染料PKH-26标记A673细胞,绿色荧光染料PKH-67标记DC,应用促融合剂PEG融合后光镜及电镜观察DC细胞和融合细胞形态,FCM检测融合效率,通过同种混合淋巴细胞反应检测其免疫刺激活性.通过IFN-γ ELISA法产生细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的量,通过51Cr细胞杀伤试验检测融合细胞对A673 细胞的杀伤作用.结果 FCM检测出从PBMC 成功诱生出CD83、CD80、CD86 及HLA-DR 高表达的成熟DC.DCs/A673融合细胞的融合效率达到23%,同种混合淋巴细胞反应显示DCs/A673融合细胞有很强的免疫刺激活性.IFN-γ分泌检测显示DCs/A673融合细胞组较对照组产生CTL水平显著增高.51Cr释放法检测融合细胞体外诱导抗原特异的CTL, 融合细胞激活的CTL对肿瘤细胞系A673细胞的杀伤作用强于DC-A673混合组、DC组、A673组的CTL(P<0.05),作用较对照各组显著增强.结论 DC与A673细胞融合体外致敏自体T 淋巴细胞能生成抗原特异CTL 对尤文肉瘤细胞A673 有一定的杀伤作用.     

Whipple术后胰瘘的若干认识

胰十二指肠切除术（pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD）是治疗胰头癌、壶腹周围癌、十二指肠癌的主要术式。1935年Whipple首先施行PD手术成功,故大家又称PD为Whipple手术。Whipple手术的特点：复杂、费时、术后并发症多、死亡率高。而胰瘘是Whipple术后常见而严重的并发症,其发生率是15％～20％,它亦是术后引起腹腔感染、腹腔大出血等其它严重并发症的主要原因．同时也是术后早期致死的主要原因。     

Sealing Performance of a Magnetic Fluid Seal for Rotary Blood Pumps

A magnetic fluid (MF) for a rotary blood pump seal enables mechanical contact-free rotation of the shaft and, hence, has excellent durability. The performance of a MF seal, however, has been reported to decrease in liquids. We have developed a MF seal that has a "shield" mechanism and a new MF with a higher magnetization of 47.9 kA/m. The sealing performance of the MF seal installed in a rotary blood pump was studied. Under the condition of continuous flow, the MF seal remained in perfect condition against a pressure of 298 mm Hg (pump flow rate: 3.96 L/min). The seal was also perfect against a pressure of 170 mm Hg in a continuous flow of 3.9 L/min for 275 days. We have developed a MF seal that works in liquid against clinically used pressures. The MF seal is promising as a shaft seal for rotary blood pumps.     

实验性睾丸缺血超声表现与再灌注后组织变化相关性研究

目的:探讨不同程度急性单侧睾丸缺血的二维、彩色多普勒(CDU)及超声造影表现与再灌注后睾丸病理变化的相关性。方法:32只大白兔随机分成对照组、缺血组(A、B、C组),每组8只。缺血组在超声监测下制成不同程度的单侧睾丸缺血模型,A组,睾丸回声均匀、血流信号轻度减少;B组,睾丸回声不均匀、血流信号明显减少;C组,睾丸出现放射状或小片状低回声、血流信号消失。各组在出现上述声像图变化后予以再灌注。缺血前及再灌注前分别行双侧睾丸超声造影。1个月后观察各组缺血睾丸病理变化。比对分析各组超声表现与生精功能之间的关系。结果:超声造影:与对照组比较,A、B组缺血睾丸造影参数到达时间、速度、达峰时间、峰值减半时间有显著差异(P<0.05),峰值基础强度差A组无明显差异(P>0.05)、B组有显著差异(P<0.05);C组无造影剂充盈。1个月后缺血睾丸Johnsen评分:与对照组(9.10±0.11)比较,A组(8.70±0.39)无显著差异(P>0.05),B组(6.01±0.88)有显著差异(P<0.05),C组(3.16±1.05)有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:与CDU相比,超声造影能较好地反映缺血睾丸组织的血流灌注情况,睾丸缺血的不同超声表现与再灌注后生精功能明显相关,超声检查能对再灌注后睾丸生精功能的预测提供帮助。     

Tc-99m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion SPECT after dipyridamole combined with low-level exercise in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a lipophilic, cationic perfusion imaging agent that changes to Tl-201 in detecting coronary artery disease during exercise testing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of Tc-99m tetrofosmin dipyridamole stress imaging combined with low level exercise for the detection of coronary artery disease. We examined 42 patients and 10 normal volunteers who also underwent coronary angiography. A one-day protocol was used: in the stress study, 296 MBq of tetrofosmin was injected and in the rest study 888 MBq was injected. After intravenous administration of dipyridamole (0.142 mg/kg/min for 4 minutes), the patient was exercised on a bicycle ergometer for 3 min (25 Watts). Tetrofosmin was injected 2 minutes after dipyridamole infusion during the exercise. Single photon emission computed tomographic images were obtained 30 minutes after the tracer injection. Images were interpreted as abnormal in 36 of 42 patients with coronary artery disease, and normal in all of 10 normal volunteers. The overall sensitivity of detection of coronary artery disease was 83.3% and the normalcy rate was 100%. The diagnostic values for the detection of significant stenosis in the three major arteries were: LAD sensitivity 83%, specificity 92%; LCX sensitivity 47%, specificity 91%; RCA sensitivity 75%, specificity 83%. Of the 66 arteries with more than 50% stenosis, 48 arteries were correctly identified. Of the 36 with more than 70% stenosis, 31 were identified. Scintigraphic evidence of multivessel disease was found in only 9 patients (50%). A protocol of Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT combined with low level exercise after dipyridamole is therefore useful for the detection of the coronary artery disease.