中国近代西医产科学史

本文阐述了中国西医产科学的发展历史。由于传统封建思想的阻碍,我国现代产科学的起步较晚,１９１１年在福建省建立了我国第一所产科病房。１９３０年以前孕产妇及新生儿死亡率比英美高４～５倍,１９３０年后,建立助产学校,开展孕期保健及骨盆测量,不断改进对病理妊娠的诊断及妊娠合并症的处理,这些均促进了中国近代西医产科学的进步,也为建国后的发展奠定了基础。     

人工流产术中宫颈管注射利多卡因的效果观察

Form May to September, 1996, 20 mg/L lidocaine-uterocervica-injection was performed before operation of induced abortion to expand uterocervica. By using single blind, the women of 6—12 week pregnancy without cardiovascular diseases who required to end the pregnancy were selected and randomly divided into two groups of A and B. 125 cases in group A served as lidocaine-treated group and 120 cases in group as control group. The results showed that the successful rate, effective rate and invalid rate in anesthetic effect in group A were 90 %, 6.4 % and 3.2 % respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence in induced-abortion syndrome between the two groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in bleeding volume between the two groups (P>0.05).     

Apoptotic cascade of neurons in the subcortical sensory relay nuclei following the neonatal infraorbital nerve transection

A terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was utilized for detection of neuronal death in the subcortical relay nuclei of the trigeminosensory system following the infraorbital nerve transection in newborn rats. At 18-24 h after injury, numerous TUNEL-positive profiles were found within the ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus (VPM) contralateral to the injury, whereas the VPM on the ipsilateral side and of the age-matched normal control contained only a few profiles per section. Electron microscopy revealed that the TUNEL-positive profiles were apoptotic neurons. The ventral part of the ipsilateral brainstem sensory trigeminal nuclear complex (the nucleus principalis, and the subnuclei oralis and interpolaris) exhibited statistically significant 65-70% increase in number of apoptotic neurons compared to the contralateral side. Taken together with our previous study [T. Sugimoto, C. Xiao, H. Ichikawa, Neonatal primary neuronal death induced by capsaicin and axotomy involves an apoptotic mechanism, Brain Res. 807 (1998) 147-154], the present results demonstrated a cascade of apoptosis in the primary, secondary and tertiary order sensory neurons along the neuroaxis.     

Dendritic cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis

The mechanisms by which autoimmune diseases are triggered and by which the activation of autoreactive T cells is initiated and maintained are not yet fully understood. As the most potent antigen presenting cells (APC), and also being responsible for antigen transport as well as primary sensitisation of T cells, dendritic cells (DC) are capable of breaking the state of self-ignorance and inducing aggressive autoreactive T cells. In the development of autoimmune diseases, different types of DC exhibit distinct properties for inducing Th1/Th2 cell responses. Appropriate cytokines can convert immunogenic DC to tolerogenic DC. Utilizing the possibility to promote the tolerogenic effects of DC, a new therapeutic tool might soon become available to treat multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.     

Calreticulin is transported to the surface of NG108-15 cells where it forms surface patches and is partially degraded in an acidic compartment

Although calreticulin (Crt) is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), our results using biotinylation and immunocytochemical methods indicate that a small but significant amount of Crt is present and forms large patches on the surface of NG108-15 cells (a mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line). (35)S-labelled Crt molecules begin to reach the cell surface after only 10 min of labelling and disappear slowly from the cell surface. After 4 hr of labelling, approximately half of the newly synthesized Crt molecules are on the cell surface. We believe that some Crt molecules may escape from the KDEL receptor-mediated salvage pathway as they are synthesized and proceed through the secretory pathway to the cell surface. Immunoprecipitation from the culture medium shows that Crt is not released from the cell surface to the medium, suggesting tight binding to surface molecules. NH(4)Cl can block the degradation of Crt; therefore, Crt is presumably degraded in the lysosome pathway. However, blockage of the disappearance of surface Crt is less efficient than that of internal Crt. This suggests that the disappearance of Crt from the cell surface may not be due solely to its degradation, but may reflect transport into another cell compartment such as the ER.     

后巩膜加固术对视网膜振荡电位的影响

目的　为了更进一步地了解后巩膜加固术治疗高度进行性近视的疗效和机理。方法　采用日本产Ｎｅｕｒｏｐａｃｋ Ｆｏｕｒ ４１０４ Ｋ 电生理仪,对２６ 例５２ 眼高度进行性近视行后巩膜加固术前、术后视网膜振荡电位进行定量分析。结果　术前、术后振荡电位总振幅经统计学处理有非常显著性差异,波的潜伏期无显著性差异。结论　本文认为后巩膜加固术可改善视网膜血液循环,并对机理进行了探讨     

人眼眩光失能测定及其临床意义

目的:观察国产仪器测定眩光失能的性能与规律,并讨论其临床意义。方法:采用MGT—1多功能视觉眩光测试仪(海军医学研究所研制),按规定方法操作。测定正常人30名56眼(矫正视力全部≥1.0,晶体透明,无其他明显眼病),晶体混浊患者15人27眼。测定目标亮度及眩光亮度设置为中—中及弱—中两档分别模拟白天及夜间眩光失能。结果:中—中状态下,眩光失能值正常人均值为9.22%(全距0～31),低于晶体混浊者(24.05%,全距9～67),两者差异显著。正常眼在弱—中状态眩光失能值较中—中状态明显(均值20.12%,全距0～56)。不同频率条件对正常及晶体混浊眼眩光失能的影响不同,低频及中频较高频区的影响明显。结论:作为视功能评论指标,眩光失能检查是一种实用方法。在眼科临床及人体工效学上具有重要的意义。     

2-5A-DNA conjugate inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus replication: effects of oligonucleotide structure modifications and RNA target site selection.

To define more fully the conditions for 2-5A-antisense inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), relationships between 2-5A antisense oligonucleotide structure and the choice of RNA target sites to inhibition of RSV replication have been explored. The lead 2-5A-antisense chimera for this study was the previously reported NIH8281 that targets the RSV M2 RNA. We have confirmed and extended the earlier study by showing that NIH8281 inhibited RSV strain A2 replication in a variety of antiviral assays, including virus yield reduction assays performed in monkey (EC90 = 0.02 microM) and human cells (EC90 = microM). This 2-5A-antisense chimera also inhibited other A strains, B strains and bovine RSV in cytopathic effect inhibition and Neutral Red Assays (EC50 values = 0.1-1.6 microM). The 2'-O-methylation modification of NIH8281 to increase affinity for the complementary RNA and provide nuclease resistance, the introduction of phosphothioate groups in the antisense backbone to enhance resistance to exo- and endonucleases, and the addition of cholesterol to the 3'-terminus of the antisense oligonucleotide to increase cellular uptake, all resulted in loss of activity. Of the antisense chimeras targeting other RSV mRNAs (NS1, NS2, P, M. G, F, and L), only those complementary to L mRNA were inhibitory. These results suggest that lower abundance mRNAs may be the best targets for 2-5A-antisense; moreover, the active 2-5A antisense chimeras in this study may serve as useful guides for the development of compounds with improved stability, uptake and anti-RSV activity.     

艾灸对大鼠胃溃疡模型的影响

<正> 近年来,胃粘膜的保护作用很受人们关注,这方面的研究也取得了显著的进展本文试图用醋酸烧灼胃粘膜面造成大鼠胃溃疡模型,以此为对象,研究艾灸在保护胃粘膜方面可能存在的作用。