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排序方式: 共有1102条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
941.
Kazuyuki Nakanishi Shotaro Uehara Yasuhiro Uno Takashi Inoue Erika Sasaki 《Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems》2018,48(8):757-763
1.?Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are potentially useful nonhuman primate models for preclinical drug metabolism studies. However, the roles of marmoset cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms in the oxidation of endobiotic progesterone have not been fully investigated. In this study, the roles of marmoset P450 isoforms in progesterone hydroxylation were extensively determined.2.?The activities of liver microsomes from individual marmosets with respect to progesterone 21/17α- and 16α/6β-hydroxylation were significantly correlated with those for flurbiprofen 4-hydroxylation and midazolam 1′-hydroxylation, respectively, as similar correlations have been found in humans. Anti-P450 2?C and 3?A antibodies suppressed progesterone 21/17α- and 16α/6β-hydroxylation, respectively, in marmoset liver microsomes.3.?Recombinant marmoset P450 2C58 and 2C19 catalyzed progesterone to form 21-hydroxyprogesterone and 16α-hydroxyprogesterone, respectively, as major products with high maximum velocity/Km values of 0.53 and 0.089?mL/min/nmol, respectively. Recombinant marmoset P450 3A4/90 oxidized progesterone to form 6β-hydroxyprogesterone as a major product with homotropic cooperativity (>1 of Hill coefficients).4.?These results indicate that the overall activities and roles of liver microsomal P450 enzymes in marmoset livers are similar to those in humans, especially for progesterone 21/17α- and 16α/6β-hydroxylation by marmoset P450 2?C and 3?A enzymes, respectively, suggesting important roles for these P450 enzymes in the metabolism of endobiotics in marmosets. 相似文献
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943.
Macrophage‐derived inflammatory cytokines regulate growth factors and pain‐related molecules in mice with intervertebral disc injury 下载免费PDF全文
Masayuki Miyagi Kentaro Uchida Shotaro Takano Hisako Fujimaki Jun Aikawa Hiroyuki Sekiguchi Naoshige Nagura Seiji Ohtori Gen Inoue Masashi Takaso 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2018,36(8):2274-2279
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948.
Minoda Y Kobayashi A Iwaki H Sugama R Iwakiri K Kadoya Y Ohashi H Takaoka K 《Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery》2008,128(4):435-442
There is little information available regarding the sagittal mechanical axis of the lower extremity of normal subjects under
weight-bearing conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the sagittal alignment of the lower extremity under
such conditions. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken of the 20 lower extremities of 10 healthy male Japanese
volunteers (mean age, 27 years) while standing. The coronal mechanical axis passed through 33.9% medial to the proximal tibial
articulating surface. The sagittal mechanical axis passed through 38.0% anterior to the distal femoral condyle and 27.9% anterior
to the proximal tibial articulating surface, and also passed 5.2 mm anterior to the intercondylar notch. Our study therefore
showed that the coronal and sagittal mechanical axes of the lower extremity do not always pass through the center of the knee.
This has important implications for alignment in surgery of lower extremities such as total knee arthroplasty and osteotomy.
No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the
subject of this article. 相似文献
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950.
Yutaka Koyama Yuko Maebara Mio Hayashi Ryuji Nagae Shogo Tokuyama Shotaro Michinaga 《Glia》2012,60(12):1954-1963
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and angiopoietins (ANGs) are involved in pathophysiological responses in damaged nerve tissues. Astrocytes produce VEGFs and ANGs upon brain ischemia and traumatic injury. To clarify the extracellular signals regulating VEGF and ANG production, effects of endothelins (ETs), a family of endothelium‐derived peptides, were examined in cultured rat astrocytes. ET‐1 (100 nM) and Ala1,3,11,15‐ET‐1 (100 nM), an ETB receptor agonist, increased VEGF‐A mRNA levels in cultured astrocytes, while ANG‐1 mRNA was decreased by ETs. ET‐1 did not affect astrocytic VEGF‐B, placental growth factor (PLGF), and ANG‐2 mRNA levels. The effects of ET‐1 on VEGF‐A and ANG‐1 mRNAs were inhibited by BQ788, an ETB antagonist. Release of VEGF‐A proteins from cultured astrocytes was increased by ET‐1. In contrast, ET‐1 reduced release of astrocytic ANG‐1. Exogenous ET‐1 (100 nM) and VEGF165 (100 ng/mL), an isopeptide of VEGF‐A, stimulated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cultured astrocytes. Treatment with ET‐1 and VEGF165 increased the numbers of cyclin D1‐positive astrocytes. Exogenous ANG‐1 (250 ng/mL) did not stimulate the BrdU incorporation. Increases in BrdU incorporation by ET‐1 and VEGF165 were not affected by ANG‐1. In 60–70% confluent cultures, SU4312 (10 μM), a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, partially reduced the effects of ET‐1 on BrdU incorporation and cyclin D1 expression. ET‐induced BrdU incorporation and cyclin D1 expression were reduced by a neutralizing antibody against VEGF‐A. Our findings suggest that ET‐1 is a factor regulating astrocytic VEGF‐A and ANG‐1, and that increased VEGF‐A production potentiates ET‐induced astrocytic proliferation by an autocrine mechanism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献