山西省三级医院胃癌患者住院费用影响因素分析

目的了解山西省三级医院胃癌患者住院费用的影响因素,为卫生、医保等管理部门制定相关政策与措施提供依据。方法采用多重线性回归统计学方法回顾分析山西省41所三级医院胃癌患者住院费用与性别、年龄组、地区、付费方式、伴随诊断数目、住院日、药费占比的相关性。结果回归模型有统计学意义(F=557.06,P<0.001),标准化偏回归系数显示,影响住院费用的因素从大到小依次为:是否手术(0.505)、住院天数(0.409)、医院类型(-0.177)、地区(-0.114)、药品费比例(0.110)、年龄组(0.028),R2=0.709。结论设法降低手术患者药费水平、住院日与药费占比,缩小地区间三级医院医疗技术水平差距、引导患者理性选择就医地点,可有效降低胃癌患者医疗费用负担。     

4—硒硫酸酯多糖对人肝癌细胞Bel／7402DNA RNA及蛋白质合成的影响

目的 研究4－硒硫酸酯多糖体外给药对人肝癌细胞Bel/7402DNA.RNA及蛋白质的抑制作用。方法 肿瘤细胞与不同浓度的药物培养24h后,用同位素掺入实验,观察药物对肿瘤细胞DNA、RNA及蛋白质合成的影响。结果 4－硒硫酸酯多糖可抑制肿瘤细胞DNA、RNA及蛋白质合成。结论 4－硒硫酸酯多糖对瘤细胞生长的抑制作用,可能与抑制瘤细胞DNA、RNA及蛋白质合成有关。     

急性消化道出血的病因及其相关因素分析

目的 回顾性分析急性消化道出血的病因构成,相关因素及内镜下表现.方法 收集2006年2月至2010年2月因消化道出血急诊就诊患者资料,包括年龄、性别、既往史及用药史、镜下表现,分析急性消化道出血的病因特征.结果 (1)4年间因急性消化道出血急诊就诊的患者共1415例,男女比例为2:1,男性平均发病年龄低于女性[(51±20)岁比(61±17)岁,P=0.000)].4个季度的发病例数依次为399、361、242、413例.(2)1030例患者行内镜检查,其中上消化道出血897例(87 1%),下消化道出血133例(12.9%);两组的平均年龄差异有统计学意义[(51±20)岁比(57±18)岁,P=0 000];男/女差异有统计学意义(656/241比65/68,P=0.000);非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)用药史者比例差异亦有统计学意义[22.1%(198例)比12.0%(16例),P＜0 01].(3)上消化道出血最常见的疾病依次为消化性溃疡546例(60.8%),食管胃静脉曲张出血130例(14.5%),胃癌40例(4.6%);根据行胃镜的时间窗分为＜12 h,12～24 h,24～48 h,48～72 h,≥72 h 5组,各组镜下活动出血阳性的比例分别为24.1%(20/83)、14 9%(24/161)、9.6%(16/166)、7.5%(8/106)、7.6%(29/381),x2=18.400,P=0.000;对消化性溃疡Forrest分级观察,随时间延长Ⅰ a～Ⅱc级的例数呈减少趋势,Ⅲ级呈增加趋势(x2=80.414,P=0.040).(4)下消化道出血中常见疾病为缺血性结肠炎44例(33 1%)、小肠出血26例(19.5%)、结肠息肉18例(13.5%).(5)＞65岁组(277例)胃溃疡及胃癌比例均高于≤65岁组(620例),分别为23.5%(65例)比8.9%(55例)和9.7%(27例)比2.1%(13例),均P＜0.01;而十二指肠溃疡比例低于后者,为22.4%(62例)比49.7%(308例),P＜0.01;下消化道出血中,前者小肠出血的比例高于后者(P＜0.01).结论 急性消化道出血第3季度发病例数最低;男性发病多于女性,男性发病年龄低于女性;上消化道出血多于下消化道出血,上消化道出血发病年龄低于下消化道出血;上消化道出血以消化性溃疡最多见;下消化道出血以缺血性结肠炎最多见;老年组中胃溃疡和胃癌的比例高于中青年组;建议尽早行急诊胃镜.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the etiology, related factors and endoscopic characteristics of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods The data including age, gender, medical and medication history, and endoscopic characteristics of patients receiving emergency treatment for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage between February 2006 and February 2010 were collected to analyze the etiological profiles of this disorder. Results (1) A total of 1415 patients with a 2: 1 male-to-female ratio visited our hospital for acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the past 4 years. There was a higher mean age of disease onset in men than in women [(51±20) years old vs (61±17) years old, P=0.000]. The numbers of patients were 399, 361, 242 and 413 for 4 respective quarters in order of sequence. (2) And 1030 patients received endoscopy. Among them, there were 897 (87.1%) with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 133(12.9%) with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Significant differences existed in the mean age of two groups [(51±20) years old vs (57±18) years old, P=0.000]. The male-to-female ratio was 656:241and 65: 68 for these 2 groups respectively (P=0.000). The percentage of patient with a history of NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) treatment was 22.1% (n=198) and 12.0% (n=16) for these 2groups respectively (P＜0.01). (3) The most common causative diseases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were peptic ulcer (n=546, 60.8%) , esophageal & gastric varices hemorrhage (n=130,14.5%) and gastric cancer (n=40, 4.6%). When the patients were divided into 5 groups of ＜12h, 12-24 h, 24-48 h, 48-72 h and ≥72 h per time window of gastroscopy, their percentages with endoscopically active hemorrhage were 24.1% (20/83), 14.9% (24/161), 9.6% (16/166) , 7.5% (8/106) and 7.6% (29/381) for these groups respectively with statistically significant differences. When peptic ulcer was examined by the Forrest classification, the ratio of grade Ⅰa-Ⅱ c decreased gradually while the ratio of grade Ⅲ increased gradually among 5 groups (x2=80.414, P=0.040). (4) The most common causative diseases of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage were ischemic colitis (n=44, 33.1%), small intestinal hemorrhage (n=26, 19.5%) and colonic polyps (n=18, 13.5%). (5) When the patients were divided into ＞65 years old group (n=277) and ≥ 65 years old group (n=620) , the ratio of gastric ulcer and cancer in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was higher in the former than in the latter [23.5% (n=65) vs 8.9% (n=55)&9.7% (n=27)vs 2.1% (n=13), P＜0.01)]. While the ratio of duodenal ulcer was lower in the former than in the latter [22.4% (n=62) vs 49.7% (n=308) , P＜0.01]. The ratio of small intestinal hemorrhage in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage was higher in the former than in the latter (all P＜0.01). Conclusion At the lowest in the third quarter, the incidence rate of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage is higher in males than that in females at a lower age of onset. More common than lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage has a lower mean age of onset Peptic ulcer is the most common disorder in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Ischemic colitis is the most common disorder in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The rate of gastric ulcer and gastric cancer in the old age group is higher than that in the young group. Emergency gastroscopy is recommended.     

重症急性呼吸综合征患者康复期肺功能变化临床观察

目的　通过观察重症急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者康复期肺功能的变化 ,了解SARS患者是否遗留有肺功能的长期损害。方法　对 82例SARS患者出院 3个月后进行肺功能检查 (实验组 ) ,并对肺功能异常者出院6个月后再次行肺功能检查 ,并以 2 8例健康人的肺功能做为对照组进行比较分析。结果　实验组肺功能检测发现一氧化碳弥散量 (DLCO % )为 (78 4± 17 4 ) % ,对照组为 (93 8± 13 6 ) % (P <0 0 1)。出院后 3及 6个月实验组中分别有 4 6例和 30例存在弥散功能障碍 (DLCO % <80 % ) ,37例和 16例有小气道功能障碍 ,2 8例和 11例残总比增加 (RV/TLC >35 % ) ,9例和 5例有限制性通气功能障碍。按照患者住院期间胸片肺部阴影的范围 ,将患者分为轻、中、重 3组 ,其轻重程度与出院后 3个月及 6个月肺弥散功能损害呈正相关。重症患者使用机械通气治疗组与未使用机械通气治疗组肺功能损害差异不明显。结论　SARS患者治愈出院 3个月及 6个月后 ,部分患者遗留有肺功能损害 ,主要以弥散功能障碍为主 ,少数有小气道阻塞、残气增加和限制性通气功能障碍。     

A carbonised sieve-like corn straw cellulose–graphene oxide composite for organophosphorus pesticide removal

The development of efficient adsorbents for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water is a major challenge. In this work, we prepared an activated carbon derived from sieve-like cellulose/graphene oxide composites (ACCE/G) for the removal of several organophosphorus pesticides. We employed corn straw to produce a sieve-like cellulose–graphene oxide composite (CCE/G); then, by treating CCE/G with potassium hydroxide at high temperatures, the efficient adsorbent ACCE/G was prepared. The adsorption capacity of ACCE/G is higher than those of other sorbents, including a multi-wall carbon nanotube, graphitised carbon black, activated carbon, C18, and primary secondary amine adsorbent. The ACCE/G structure has been fully characterised via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of ACCE/G is 152.5 mg g⁻¹ for chlorpyrifos. The mechanism, the thermodynamic properties, and the kinetics of the adsorption process have been investigated as well. Our findings demonstrate that the adsorption mechanism depends on the electron-donating abilities of the S and P atoms. Moreover, the Langmuir model gives the best fit for the isotherm data, and the adsorption efficiency of the ACCE/G is still over 80% after eight times of recycling, making ACCE/G a valuable candidate for the removal of OPPs.

Synthesizing a reusable adsorbent from waste corn straw is a sustainable way to utilize secondary resources and purify water.     

Combined spectroscopy methods and molecular simulations for the binding properties of trametinib to human serum albumin

Trametinib is a novel anticancer drug for treating metastatic cutaneous melanoma. The present study probed into the binding of trametinib to human serum albumin (HSA) through spectroscopy methods and molecular simulations. Trametinib could quench the fluorescence of HSA through static quenching which could be probed via fluorescence spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence. Thermodynamic parameters and docking results indicated that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces play crucial roles in this binding process, which exerts almost no effect on the HSA conformation under synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, circular dichroism spectra, and molecular dynamics simulations. Site marker displacement experiments and molecular docking reveal that trametinib primarily binds to Sudlow site I of HSA. In addition, the trametinib–HSA interaction was hardly influenced by varying amino acid (glutamine, alanine, glycine, and valine) concentrations. This study can provide useful information for the pharmacokinetic properties of trametinib.

Probing the binding properties of trametinib to human serum albumin.     

不同剂量的1，25（OH）2D3对大鼠Thy1肾炎系膜细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨不同剂量的1,25（OH）2D3对大鼠抗胸腺细胞抗体（Thy1）肾炎系膜细胞凋亡的影响。方法将SD大鼠120只分为空白对照组（A组）、肾炎模型组（B组）、低剂量1,25（OH）2D3组（C组）和高剂量1,25（OH）2D3组（D组）,每组30只。C、D两组造模成功后给药干预,4组分别于干预后第1、3、7、14、21天每组随机处死6只大鼠,取肾组织标本经HE及PAS染色后确定肾脏病理损害分级;免疫组化法检测肾组织中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（Caspase‐3）的表达;TUNEL试剂盒检测其肾小球内细胞凋亡。结果与A组比较,B组Caspase‐3表达增强（P＜0．05）;与B组比较,C、D组Caspase‐3表达增强,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;D组表达最高,但与C组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。与A组比较,B组肾小球内凋亡细胞明显增多（P＜0．05）,且随时间推移逐渐增强;与B组比较,C、D两组凋亡明显增多（P＜0．05）,并在3d达高峰,7、14d逐渐下降,21d趋于正常（P＜0．05）;C、D两组比较,D组凋亡细胞增多明显,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论1,25（OH）2D3具有诱导大鼠肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的作用,其参与了对Caspase‐3的调节,诱导系膜细胞凋亡,促进肾炎的修复,可延缓肾脏疾病进展。     

山西省41家医院胃癌住院日影响因素分析

目的了解胃癌患者住院日的影响因素,为医院及卫生主管部门管理决策提供参考依据。方法收集山西省41所三级医院2014年一季度胃癌患者出院首页数据,利用多重线性回归统计学方法,回顾性分析胃癌患者住院日与患者性别、年龄、地区、付费方式、伴随诊断数量、手术、医院类型7因素的相关性。结果不同性别组、年龄组、付费方式组住院日比较无统计学意义(t=0.210,P=0.834;F=1.342,P=0.252;2χ=5.945,P=0.312),是否手术、医院类型、伴随诊断数量、不同地区(Mann-Whitney检验)组住院日比较有统计学意义(2χ=52.489,P<0.001;2χ=32.924,P<0.001;t=-21.026,P<0.001;Z=-8.149,P<0.001)。结论医院加强手术患者的管理、严格把握手术适应症、优化手术患者诊疗流程设计与管理、开展与基层医院双向转诊服务等对降低患者住院日水平有帮助;同时,卫生主管部门应引导患者理性选择就医地点,不盲目追求名医名院,避免出现少数医院患者过度集中现象,这不仅可有效缓解患者看病难看病贵,而且对缩短患者住院日也有实际意义。     

Seminar合案例教学法在中医诊断教学中的应用效果分析

目的 探讨案例教学法在中医诊断学教学中的应用与效果.方法 在本校中医专业学生中,对2012级至2013级2个年级4个班的中医诊断学进行Seminar合案例教学法尝试.并设同年级同类型4个班用传统教学法作对照.结果 实验班学生认同率达98％;实验班与对照班比较,老师的评价及理论考试成绩实验班与对照班比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或0.05),试验班明显为优.结论 案例教学法对提高中医诊断学的教学质量和锻炼老师教学水平有积极意义.