The Young Myocardial Infarction Study of the Western Indians: YOUTH Registry

Background

Myocardial infarction is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young adults around the world.

Prediction of serious RSV‐related outcomes in older adults with outpatient RSV respiratory illness during 12 consecutive seasons

We developed and evaluated a model to predict serious outcomes among 243 adults ≥60 years old with medically attended respiratory illness and laboratory‐confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); 47 patients had a serious outcome defined as hospital admission, emergency department (ED) visit, or pneumonia diagnosis. The model used logistic regression with penalized maximum likelihood estimation. The reduced penalized model included age ≥ 75 years, ≥1 ED visit in prior year, crackles/rales, tachypnea, wheezing, new/increased sputum, and new/increased dyspnea. The optimal score cutoff yielded sensitivity and specificity of 66.0% and 81.6%. This prediction model provided moderate utility for identifying older adults with elevated risk of complicated RSV illness.     

Intergenerational influences on childhood anaemia

Prior research on assessing intergenerational influences on child anaemia has largely approached it from purely maternal perspective. Although there is much merit to focus on that, it is an extremely limited/reductionist view of understanding intergenerational influences. We expanded the intergenerational influences to include the fathers and overall of intergenerational household transfers. We analysed a sample of 19,619 mother–father‐offspring trios from the 2015–2016 Indian National Fertility and Health Survey with available data on haemoglobin (Hb). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to establish associations between parent anaemia, household characteristics, and categories of offspring anaemia. Maternal and paternal Hb was measured as in children using a finger prick blood sample. The primary outcome was child's Hb level (in g/dl) and grades of anaemia defined as mild (10–10.9 g/dl), moderate (7–9.9 g/dl), and severe (<7 g/dl). Mean Hb was 10.1 g/dl for children, 14.2 g/dl among fathers, and 11.4 g/dl among mothers. Hb correlation was 0.1 between fathers and offspring and 0.2 between mothers and offspring (P < 0.001 for all correlations). Maternal–paternal Hb correlations were consistent across quintiles of wealth index. Maternal anaemia was associated with odds ratio of 1.3 (95% CI [1.1, 1.4]) and 1.6 (95% CI [1.4, 1.7]) for childhood mild and moderate/severe anaemia, respectively. Paternal mild anaemia was associated with an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% CI [0.9, 1.4]) and 1.4 (95% CI [1.2, 1.7]) for child moderate/severe anaemia. The clustering of poor circumstances suggests that public health strategies target social deprivation at the household level. A comprehensive perspective will provide holistic interventions to control childhood anaemia.     

Perspectives on pain and intellectual disability

Historically, individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have been excluded from pain research and assumed to be insensitive or indifferent to pain. The weight of the evidence suggests that individuals with ID have been subject to practices and procedures with little regard for their ability to experience or express pain. A number of issues central to improving understanding of pain in ID will be introduced and current research related to the definition of pain and its social context, underlying sensory and metabolic systems and factors influencing judgments about the ability to experience pain will be reviewed. Accumulating evidence from interdisciplinary research designed to improve assessment, understand individual differences, and evaluate bias and beliefs about pain suggests that new perspectives are emerging and beginning to shape an innovative frontier of research that will ultimately pay tremendous dividends for improving the quality of life of individuals with ID.     

脂多糖对成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶及金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子表达的影响

目的观察脂多糖（LPS）对成纤维细胞基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）及其抑制物金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（TIMPs）表达的变化，探讨伤口感染时LPS对伤口愈合的可能影响。方法将体外培养的人成纤维细胞加入不同浓度的LPS（10、100、1000μg／ml后，用荧光标记的明胶酶谱法和反向酶谱法测定培养液中MMPs及TIMPs表达的变化，并用电泳分析软件对黑色条带（MMPs）或亮色条带（TIMPs）的面积及密度进行半定量分析。结果LPS可以上调成纤维细胞的MMP-2、TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表达，且TIMPs增加的程度大于MMPs。10、100、1000μg／ml的LPS使MMP-2分别增加为基值的1．3、1．7、1．6倍，TIMP-1分别为3、4．5、3．5倍，TIMP-2分别为3、6、5．6倍。结论LPS在伤口愈合过程中成纤维细胞表达MMPs和TIMPs的环节上，对伤口愈合没有明显的不利影响。     

Suitable survival and half-life of red cells after frozen storage in excess of 10 years

To examine the appropriateness of the Food and Drug Administration's 10-year storage time for previously frozen red cells, 24-hour posttransfusion survival studies were performed, and the half-life of 3 units of autologous red cells that had been stored for 13.5, 14, and 17 years, respectively, was measured. The units had acceptable freeze-thaw-wash recovery (83.3-91.4%). When a 51Cr label was used for the previously frozen red cells and a simultaneous 52Cr label for freshly drawn autologous red cells was used as a comparison, it was seen that the previously frozen cells had normal 24-hour posttransfusion survival (75.1-88.4%) as well as normal half-life (23-33.7 days). These findings support further extension of the maximum allowable storage time for previously frozen red cells.     

腰椎间融合术

正ISBN-10:0323476635ISBN-13:978-0323476638Elsevier出版社2018年11月出版240页本书由腰椎间融合术(lumbar interbody fusion,LIF)领域资深外科专家及主要技术革新者编撰,重点阐述微创及开放LIF手术技术的最新进展,全面介绍极外侧、斜外侧、直接外侧入路以及横突间入路、轴向入路和内窥镜下入路等成熟入路方式的具体步骤。本书有如下特点:注重技术差异、每一术式优缺点以及并发症的防治手段;高质量影像