高效液相色谱法测定羚黄氨咖敏片中马来酸氯苯那敏、对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因的含量

目的建立羚黄氨咖敏片中马来酸氯苯那敏、对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法采用Hypersil-ODS柱,甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(25:75,0.5%磷酸调节pH3.0)为流动相,流速1.0mg/min,检测波长216nm。结果马来酸氯苯那敏线性范围1.20~2.80mg/L,平均回收率为97.90%,RSD为1.52%;对乙酰氨基酚150.00~350.00mg/L,平均回收率为100.21%,RSD为0.92%;咖啡因9.00~21.00mg/L,平均回收率为101.46%,RSD为0.90%。结论本方法简便、结果准确,可用于制剂的含量测定和质量控制。     

氚相对生物效应的实验研究及遗传危害的估计

本研究采用指数下降剂量和相对恒定剂量照射小鼠,以显性致死突变、显性骨胳突变、精母细胞染色体畸变率,初级卵母细胞和精原细胞存活率,外周血淋巴细胞和骨髓有核细胞微核细胞率为生物终点,并⁶⁰Coy射线作为参考辐射,研究了氚的相对生物效应(RBE)值.结果表明:在剂量率为0.02～0.06Gy/d,连续照射10天的情况下,观察到氚的平均RBE值约为3.6～2.7之间,以外周血琳巴细胞微核细胞率为终点对RBE值最高,而初级卵母细胞存活率为终点时,RBE值最低,如果考虑到氚的遗传危害,如以显性骨胳突变为终点,则RBE值约大于3.     

Usefulness of <Superscript>11</Superscript>C-methionine PET in the evaluation of brain lesions that are hypo- or isometabolic on <Superscript>18</Superscript>F-FDG PET

The fact that some brain tumors show hypo- or isometabolism on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has caused problems in the detection of primary or recurrent tumors and in the differentiation from benign lesions. We investigated the usefulness of carbon-11 methionine PET in characterizing brain lesions under these conditions. 11C-methionine PET was performed in 45 patients with brain lesions (in 34 for initial diagnosis and in 11 for detection of recurrence) that showed hypo- or isometabolism compared with normal brain tissue on FDG PET. Ten minutes after the injection of 555-740 MBq of 11C-methionine, attenuation-corrected brain images were obtained with a dedicated PET scanner. The brain lesions comprised 24 gliomas, five metastatic brain tumors, four meningiomas, two other brain tumors and ten benign lesions (including three cases of cysticercosis, two cases of radiation necrosis, one tuberculous granuloma, one hemangioma, one benign cyst, and one organizing infarction). Proliferative activity was measured using the Ki-67 immunostaining method in glioma tissues. Thirty-one of 35 brain tumors (89% sensitivity) showed increased 11C-methionine uptake despite iso- or hypometabolism on FDG PET. By contrast, all ten benign lesions showed decreased or normal 11C-methionine uptake (100% specificity). Twenty-two of 24 gliomas (92%) showed increased 11C-methionine uptake, the extent and degree of which exceeded 18F-FDG uptake, and the 11C-methionine uptake correlated with the proliferation index (r=0.67). The mean (+/-SD) uptake ratios of glioma to normal brain on FDG and 11C-methionine PET were 0.92+/-0.34 and 2.54+/-1.25, respectively. All metastatic tumors except one showed intense 11C-methionine uptake in the entire tumor or in the peripheral margin of the tumor. In meningiomas, 11C-methionine uptake showed a variable increase. In conclusion, brain lesions that show hypo- or isometabolism on FDG PET can be detected and differentiated with high sensitivity and good contrast using 11C-methionine PET. 11C-methionine PET can provide additional information when used in combination with FDG PET in the evaluation of these patients.     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute ischemia: value of apparent diffusion coefficient and signal intensity thresholds in predicting tissue at risk and final infarct size

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Identifying tissue at risk for infarction is an important goal of stroke imaging. This study was performed to determine whether pixel-based apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and signal intensity ratio are helpful diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging metrics to predict tissue at risk for infarction. METHODS: Twelve patients presenting with acute hemispheric strokes underwent DW imaging within 7 hours of symptom onset. Region of interest (ROI), pixel-based ADC, and signal intensity analyses were performed at initial DW imaging to assess area of infarct growth, final infarct area, and normal tissue. RESULTS: Pixel-based analysis was less accurate than ROI-based analysis for evaluating infarct growth or final infarct with ADC, ADC ratio, and signal intensity ratios. In pixel-based analysis, signal intensity ratios were better than ADCs or ADC ratios for identifying tissue at risk (accuracy, 67.4%) and for predicting final infarct (accuracy, 79.9%). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between lesion volume on quantitative DW images or ADC maps and final infarct volume (P < .001). When receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine optimal cutoffs for ADC and DW image values, the region of infarct growth was significantly correlated with only the mismatch between initial qualitative DW image and quantitative DW image signal intensity ratio (cutoff value, 1.19; R = 0.652; P = .022). CONCLUSION: Pixel-based thresholds applied to ADC or DW image signal intensity maps were not accurate prognostic measures of tissue at risk. Quantitative DW images or ADC maps may provide added information not obtained by visual inspection of the qualitative DW image map.     

糖疏康对糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠VDR、TGF-β1、CaBp-D9K mRNA表达影响的实验研究

目的观察糖疏康对糖尿病性骨质疏松（DOP）大鼠维生素D受体（VDR）mRNA、转移生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）mRNA、钙结合蛋白（CaBp-D9K）mRNA表达水平的影响。方法采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素造模。Wistar大鼠50只．10只作空白对照组,余大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素造糖尿病模型,测血糖后将符合诊断标准的30只糖尿病大鼠随机分成治疗组、西药对照组与病理组。分别给予糖疏康、碳酸钙阿法迪三和生理盐水灌胃给药。12周后取材,切片,进行维生素D受体（VDR）mRNA、转移生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）mRNA、钙结合蛋白（CaBp-D9K）mRNA原位杂交实验。结果糖疏康组与碳酸钙阿法迪三对照组治疗后提高VDRmRNA、CaBp-D9KmRNA与骨TGF-β1mRNA表达水平,且两组之间有显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论糖疏康能够调节DOP大鼠小肠VDRmRNA、CaBp-D9KmRNA与骨TGF-β1mRNA表达水平,影响VDR、CaBp-D9K与TGF-β1的合成与分泌,进而促进肠钙吸收与成骨细胞活性。     

肝癌氩氦刀冷冻治疗的CT评价

目的:评价肝癌氩氦刀冷冻治疗的临床价值。材料和方法:氩氦刀治疗48例肝脏恶性肿瘤病人。其中40例为原发性肝细胞癌,8例为转移性肝癌。术后1～4个月复查CT。结果:对<3cm的小肝癌冷冻治疗后CT检查,肿瘤完全坏死,动脉期和门静脉期病灶不强化,但对>5cm的肿瘤疗效欠佳。结论:氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌(特别是<3cm的小肝癌)安全有效,并发症少,但对较大的肿瘤(>5cm)并不完全适合,需结合其他疗法。     

rh-bFGF毒性试验中恒河猴舌病理组织学变化观察

对重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(rh-bFGF)毒性试验恒河猴的舌象及舌的病理组织学进行了观察。结果:高剂量组变化明显,舌背及舌腹面粘膜稍晦暗,舌质略欠红活,无舌脉粗张及细络瘀血,镜下见舌背、舌腹面粘膜固有层及下层淋巴细胞浸润、滤泡样结构形成,毛细血管、小动脉内皮细胞增生肥大,小动脉壁增厚结构不清,丝状乳头粘膜细胞局灶性细胞浆内出现嗜酸性颗粒。认为是rh-bFGF促内皮细胞增殖功能与免疫反应的体现。     

Localized measurement of atherosclerotic plaque inflammatory burden with dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI

Inflammation plays an important role in progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI has been proposed as a tool to evaluate inflammation in vivo by measuring the transfer constant and partial plasma volume, which are influenced by inflammation. This study sought to demonstrate the ability of dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI to provide localized measurements of transfer constant and partial plasma volume within plaque regions of different compositions. In order to do that, a highly automatic procedure for localized measurement of dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI parameters was developed. In 47 subjects, the average transfer constant and partial plasma volume were highest in loose matrix and fibrous tissue and substantially lower in intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid rich/necrotic core, and calcification. In addition, except for hemorrhage and calcification, statistically significant differences of transfer constant and partial plasma volume were observed for any pair of these components. This suggests that transfer constant and partial plasma volume could be helpful to differentiate different plaque components and that dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI has the potential to assess inflammatory burden in specific regions. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

小儿腹部手术后早期炎性肠梗阻15例

目的 探讨小儿腹部手术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊断和治疗。方法 对15例术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例患儿均经非手术治疗痊愈。结论 术后早期炎性肠梗阻应行保守治疗。