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651.
652.
BACKGROUND: Asthma clinics have become widespread in general practice with
nurses now playing an important role in asthma review. However, little is
known about training of nurses carrying out reviews and how this affects
the nurse role in patient management. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to discover the
level of asthma training of practice nurses carrying out review of adult
asthma patients in one Health Authority and to see if this has any effect
on their perception of their role. METHOD: All 187 practice nurses in
Grampian were sent a postal questionnaire investigating how asthma review
is organized in general practice, their role in review and the asthma
training they had received. Personal interviews were carried out with 17
nurses, exploring in more depth the topics covered in the questionnaire.
RESULTS: A total of 167 nurses from 92% of the practices in Grampian
responded, of whom 61% carried out asthma reviews. Among nurses carrying
out reviews 71% did so on their own. 49% of nurses had or were training for
advanced asthma qualification. Nurses without an asthma qualification were
significantly more likely to feel that their training was not sufficient
for their asthma related tasks (54% versus 11%, P = 0.0002). Nurses without
advanced asthma qualifications were less likely to provide or review a
self-management plan (29% versus 49%, P = 0.01), to review patient PEF
recording (38% versus 65%, P < 0.01), to discuss patient worries (75%
versus 94%, P < 0.05) or to make the initial diagnosis of asthma (24%
versus 76%, P < 0.005). Nurses were unlikely to view their role as fully
responsible unless they had an asthma qualification (13% versus 49%, P <
0.001). CONCLUSION: Nurses without advanced asthma qualifications do not
feel fully confident in responsibility for patient management. Nurses
without training are more likely to only carry out routine monitoring at
reviews while nurses with asthma training are more likely to actively
develop patient self- management skills. This suggests that nurses should
be supported to obtain asthma qualifications if they are to give the best
possible care to asthma patients.
相似文献
653.
Influence of the amount of platelet-bound IgG on platelet survival and site of sequestration in autoimmune thrombocytopenia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seventeen patients with idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura were studied in order to establish whether the amount of platelet-bound antibody influenced the rate and site at which these platelets were destroyed. Platelet-bound antibody was measured by a quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique, and platelet survival and sites of sequestration were determined by the use of 51Cr-labeled platelets and surface radioactivity measurements. A correlation significant at the 5% level was observed between the amount of platelet-bound antibody and the rate of platelet destruction. A highly significant correlation (p less than 0.001) existed between antiplatelet antibody and spleen: liver surface radioactivity ratios, demonstrating that greater amounts of antibody bound to platelets result increasingly in their destruction within the liver. 相似文献
654.
N-Nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA) is a contaminant found frequently in rubber
baby bottle nipples and pacifiers. To evaluate more fully the mutagenic
potential and analyse the molecular nature of possible mutations induced in
vivo, we have studied the mutagenicity of NDBzA in vivo using the MutaMouse
system. NDBzA, suspended in olive oil, was administered orally once to male
mice at different doses (0, 30, 100, 425 and 750 mg/kg) and the mice were
killed 30 and 90 days after treatment. As a positive control, and to
compare relative mutagenicity, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was also
administered to animals in the same experiment at doses of 0, 2, 6 and 10
mg/kg. Mutant frequencies were increased in both 30 and 90 day liver
samples, but not in bone marrow, after both NDBzA and NDMA treatment.
However, NDBzA was >100 times less mutagenic than NDMA. A total of 81
mutants obtained from liver samples of treated animals (750 mg/kg) were
characterized by DNA sequencing. While spontaneous mutations in transgenic
mice have been characterized previously by a preponderance of G:C-->A:T
transitions, mainly at 5'-CpG-3' dinucleotide sites, the predominant type
of NDBzA- induced mutation in this study was transversion, mainly
G:C-->T:A changes. The molecular characteristics of mutations induced by
NDBzA indicate that they may arise from specific unidentified DNA adducts
and benzylation appears to be the primary mechanism involved in formation
of these DNA adducts.
相似文献
655.
The developmental age of an embryo in the first trimester ofpregnancy is generally determined by ultrasound scanning and/orby calculation from menstrual age. In the original studies,validation of the estimate of gestational age by ultrasoundwas not possible as the exact date of conception was unknown.Variation in growth rates of identically aged fetuses has previouslybeen reported after assisted conception and with the use ofultrasound scanning. As these pregnancies were ongoing the accuracyof the scanning results could not be determined. Comparisonof scanning and direct measurements after termination of pregnancyand menstrual age were carried out to determine the accuracyin fetal dating. The results suggest that the use of ultrasoundscanning to determine gestational age is of less use than previouslythought, and that the use of menstrual age is severely limited. 相似文献
656.
657.
658.
659.
Clinical safety of gadopentetate dimeglumine 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
660.