Lesions of the vascular endothelium and impairments of haemostatic coagulation in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma

Malfunctions of central hemostasis chains, activation of blood coagulation systems and decreased antithrombogenic potentials of vascular walls are typical of craniocerebral trauma at exacerbation. It provokes the onset of the DIC-syndrome in 98.8% of examinees; the below signs are observed in such condition: decreased platelet resistance of vascular walls, increased aggregation activity of platelets, activated coagulation chain of hemostasis and increased blood viscosity. The prognostically unfavorable criteria of coagulopathy in acute craniocerebral trauma are as follows: pathological response of the vascular wall to transitory ischemia observed concurrently with a reduced dynamic FW activity; a persistently low and/or decreased dynamic AT-III activity; decreased fibrinolytic activities of plasma and platelet counts; and persistently higher concentrations and/or higher dynamic concentrations of fibrinogen and soluble fibrin mono-measured complexes (according to coagulation tests). Hemostasis should be corrected with respect to the above hemostasiologic syndromes.     

Conservative treatment of locally advanced and inoperable esophageal cancer: possible methods and future directions

This is an analysis of treatment results data for conservative (endosurgical and radiation therapy) treatment of patients with inoperable locally advanced esophageal cancer receiving therapy in 1990-2011. The original treatment tactics including recanalization of tumor-compressed esophageal lumen (argon plasma coagulation +/- high-frequency surgery or chemical tumor necrolysis) with consequent combined radiotherapy resulted in clinical response in 79,5% of cases, 89,3% of patients retained the possibility of enteral nutrition. One-year overall survival (OS) was 68,9% (58,8% in patients receiving combined radiotherapy), 2-year OS was 22,7% and 21,2% respectively.     

The psychoemotional condition of children in endoscopic examination

Described in the paper is the instrumental examination of the psychoemotional condition of schoolchildren with esogastroenterologic pathology, who underwent, for the diagnostic purpose, esogastroduodenoscopy. It is demonstrated that the determination of the psychoemotional status in the course of dynamic follow-up optimizes the preparation of a child for endoscopy and smooths the anxiety during the procedure.     

Sclerotherapy of high venovenous blood reflux in patients with early varicose disease of the lower extremities

Results of diagnosis and treatment of 270 patients with varicose disease were analyzed. Based on duplex scanning two groups of patients were divided: group 1 consisted of 164 patients with low-intensity reflux, group 2 consisted of 106 patients with high-intensity reflux. Patients of group 1 were treated with ultrasound-assisted puncture sclerotherapy. In group 2 sclerosurgical procedures were used: sclerosant was injected into great saphenous vein trough catheter after crossectomy. For obliteration of varicose subcutaneous veins and perforants of shank the Irish technique was used. In group 1 recurrence of the disease was revealed in 9.1% patients, in group 2 -- in 9.4% patients.     

Helicobacter pylori eradication in childhood after failure of initial treatment: advantage of quadruple therapy with nifuratel to furazolidone

BACKGROUND: Failures of Helicobacter pylori eradication in children are common. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of amoxicillin, bismuth subcitrate and omeprazole and nifuratel or furazolidone for H. pylori eradication in children who failed initial treatment with a standard triple therapy. METHODS: Seventy-six consecutive H. pylori-positive paediatric out-patients (aged 12-16 years; mean age 13.7 +/- 1.4) with chronic abdominal complaints who had failed one attempt of eradication of H. pylori using metronidazole-containing triple therapy were enrolled. It was an open prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive a 2-week course of bismuth subcitrate (8 mg/kg/day, q.d.s.), amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day, q.d.s.), with either nifuratel (15 mg/kg/day, q.d.s.) or furazolidone (10 mg/kg/day, q.d.s.), plus omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, once daily). RESULTS: There were 37 patients in the nifuratel group and 39 in the furazolidone group. Helicobacter pylori was eradicated in 33 of 37 (89%; 95% CI: 74.5-96.9; intention-to-treat) in nifuratel group and in 34 of 39 (87%; 95% CI: 72.5-95.7) in furazolidone group, respectively. Frequency of severe side-effects was greater with furazolidone (21%) than with nifuratel (3%; P = 0.0289). CONCLUSIONS: Nitrofuran-containing therapies consisting of a proton-pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and bismuth citrate plus either nifuratel or furazolidone produced good cure rates even among those who had failed prior therapy. Nifuratel is preferred because of the lower frequency of side-effects.     

Structural Organization of the Basal Layer and Morphofunctional Characteristics of Mouse Epidermal Cambial Cells

The basal layer of mouse skin epidermis consists of special structures - rosettes functionally arranged in zones including about 20 rosettes. The rosette contains a central cambial cell; after division of this cell the mother cell remains in the center of the rosette and the daughter cell migrated to the center of a free rosette. The mother and daughter cells are dipole cells (sources of electric field). If the disposition of mother cells is unidirectional and they predominate over daughter cells, the latter cells transform into other cells, i. e. are differentiated.