Origin of the Kupffer macrophages in the regenerating liver

[³H]Thymidine was injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats in a dose of 5 Ci/g, and two thirds of the liver was resected 1 h later. Control animals underwent a mock operation. Indices of labeled nuclei (ILN) of the hepatocytes were moderately increased 3 h after partial hepatectomy, the increase still continued for 48 h, but was replaced by a decrease 48 h after the operation. ILN of the Kupffer cells was 10 times higher 3 h after the operation than in the control, it reached a maximum 9 h after the operation, and then fell, although still remaining higher than in the control. It is concluded that Kupffer cells enter the liver from the bone marrow.Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 598–600, May, 1978.     

Electrophilic alkylation of arenes with 5-bromopyrimidine en route to 4-aryl-5-alkynylpyrimidines

A new synthetic protocol for preparation of medicinally important 4-aryl-5-alkynylpyrimidines is described. The featured approach involves a sequence of chemo- and regioselective Brønsted acid-catalyzed electrophilic alkylation of arenes with 5-bromopyrimidine, followed by oxidative re-aromatization of the formed dihydropyrimidine ring. Finally, palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction provided an end-game strategy.

Efficient assembly of 4-aryl-5-alkynylpyrimidines is described featuring novel Brønsted acid-catalyzed electrophilic alkylation of arenes with 5-bromopyrimidine as a key step.     

The distribution of the HLA antigen system among patients with echinococcosis

Fifty six patients suffering from echinococcosis and 155 healthy persons were examined. The examination revealed the predominance of HLA-B5 and HLA-B18 antigen carriers among the patients suffering from echinococcosis unilocularis, and HLA-A1 and HLA-B35 in a group of patients suffering from echinococcosis multilocularis. In the first group no HLA-B14 antigen carriers were found and there was only 1 patients with HLA-B27 antigen. The data obtained prompt that HLA-B5, B18, A1 and B35 antigen carriers present the high-risk group for developing echinococcosis while HLA-B14 and B27 antigens evidently determine certain resistance to these invasions. Some differences were also marked in distribution of HLA antigens depending on the site of involvement: high frequency of HLA-B5 carriers among patients suffering from hepatic echinococcosis and HLA-B18 carriers among patients suffering from pulmonary echinococcosis.     

Interferon status and the HLA antigen system. 1. Unilocular echinococcosis]

In 26 patients with hydatid disease interferons (IFN) blood levels by titration method and HLA-antigens by lymphocyte cytotoxicity microtest were estimated. In total group B5 antigen frequency was significantly (p = 0.007 after Fischer) higher than in the control group of 155 practically healthy persons: 38.5% and 14.7% respectively. The determination of possible correlation between IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma production, HLA-antigens specificity and the localisation of Echinococcus granulosus cysts showed that in hydatid disease A2 and B5 antigens carriers are significantly stronger producers of the cytokines as compared with patients having A3 and B13 antigens. The highest titers of IFN-alpha was found in A2 antigen carriers with the liver cysts, the highest level of IFN-gamma had B5 antigen carriers with the lung damage. A3 and B13 antigens carriers had low IFN titers independently of the character of damaged organ. Relatively high IFN-gamma blood titers in B5 antigen carriers with the lung cysts, persons predisposed to hydatid disease, permit supposing the stimulation of the cytokine production by the parasite for cysts formation in the lungs.