Hepatitis B vaccination of susceptible elderly residents of long term care facilities during a hepatitis B outbreak

Protection of older persons, particularly those with diabetes, against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is of growing concern because of increased reports of outbreaks among long-term care facility residents receiving assisted blood glucose monitoring. We evaluated hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity among residents immunized in response to two such outbreaks in skilled nursing facilities during June 2009–July 2010. One hundred forty-eight (71%) of 209 residents were found to be susceptible to HBV infection. Of 105 patients who began a vaccination series with Twinrix^® (0-, 1-, 6-month dosing), 86 (82%) completed the series and postvaccination testing. Of these, most were elderly (median age 79.5 years; range 45–101), female (56%), and African-American (51%). Twenty-nine (34%) vaccinated residents had post-vaccination hepatitis B surface antibody levels ≥10 mIU/ml. There were no significant differences in vaccine response by age, gender, race, diabetes status, body mass index, or current smoking status. Our findings indicate that a low proportion of skilled nursing facility residents achieved a seroprotective response after hepatitis B vaccination.     

Lipid peroxidation and its interrelation with the personality characteristics of surgical patients

The article deals with the exam results of 42 pre- and postoperative surgical patients. The reactivity of peroxide oxidation of lipids plays an important role in regulation of adaptive process of surgical patients. The authors emphasize the role of anxiety state as one of the most intimate and obligate mechanisms of psychologic stress. The anxiety rising process influences upon the formation of typical psychophysiological correlations that lead to the intensification of lipid oxidation.     

Effect of menstrual cycle phase on dopamine D2 receptor availability in female cynomolgus monkeys

Sex differences have been reported in a variety of affective and neurodegenerative disorders that involve dysfunctional dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. In addition, there is evidence for differences in sensitivity to the abuse-related effects of psychostimulants across the menstrual cycle which may result from effects of ovarian hormones on DA function. The goal of the present study was to extend previous work examining menstrual cycle-related changes in DA D2 receptor availability in humans to drug-naive female cynomolgus monkeys (n=7) using the selective D2-like receptor ligand [(18)F]fluoroclebopride (FCP) and a high-resolution microPET P4 scanner. Menstrual cycle phase was characterized by daily vaginal swabs and measurements of serum progesterone levels. PET studies were conducted once during the luteal phase and once during the follicular phase. Regions of interest in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and cerebellum were defined on coregistered MRIs. Distribution volumes were calculated for FCP in each structure and the distribution volume ratio (DVR) for both brain regions relative to the cerebellum was used as a measure of D2 receptor availability. FCP DVRs were significantly higher in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase in both the caudate nucleus (11.7% difference, p=0.02) and putamen (11.6% difference, p=0.03). These findings extend earlier work in humans and suggest that changes in DA receptor availability may be involved in the variation in symptoms of various neuropsychiatric disorders across the menstrual cycle, including differences in sensitivity to the abuse-related effects of stimulants.     

Neurodevelopmental outcome in high-risk preterm infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is used to treat preterm infants with hypoxaemic respiratory failure. In this study we describe the long-term survival and neurodevelopmental status of high-risk preterm infants enrolled into a randomized controlled trial of iNO therapy. Information regarding long-term outcome was available for all 25 children enrolled in the original trial who survived until discharge from hospital. Formal, blinded, developmental assessment and neurological examinations were performed in 21 out of 22 children still alive at 30 mo of age, corrected for prematurity. No significant differences were found in long-term mortality (12/20 vs 8/22, RR 1.65, 95% CI 0.87-3.3), neurodevelopmental delay (4/7 vs 9/14, RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.37-1.75), severe neurodisability (0/7 vs 5/14, p = 0.12) or cerebral palsy (0/7 vs 2/14, p = 0.53) between iNO-treated and control infants. CONCLUSION: In this study there was no evidence of a significant effect on either survival or long-term neurodevelopmental status in infants treated with iNO.