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91.
Bareket Falk Ruth Burstein Isaack Ashkenazi Ofer Spilberg Jacob Alter Ester Zylber-Katz Ardon Rubinstein Nava Bashan Yair Shapiro 《European journal of applied physiology》1989,59(3):168-173
Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine ingestion on physical performance after prolonged endurance
exercise. Twenty three trained male volunteers participated in a 40-km march and were divided into two groups, matched for
caffeine clearance rate and aerobic capacity. The experimental group ingested, prior to the march, a caffeinated drink at
a dose of 5 mg·kg−1 body mass and at the 3rd and 5th h of marching an additional drink at a dose of 2.5 mg·kg−1 body mass. The control group ingested a drink of equal volume at the same times. Upon termination of the march each subject
performed a cycle ergometer test at an intensity of 90% maximal oxygen consumption. Time to exhaustion and rate of perceived
exertion (RPE) were recorded. Blood samples were drawn predrink, at the 3rd and 5th h of marching and immediately after the
cycle ergometer test, and were analysed for caffeine, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate and glucose levels. Plasma FFA levels
increased during the march (p<0.05), with no significant difference between groups. Lactate levels increased in the experimental group (p<0.05), with no significant change in the control group. Glucose levels did not change significantly in either group. After
the cycle ergometer test, lactate levels were significantly higher in the experimental, as compared to the control group (3.77±0.33
vs 2.52±0.35 mmol·l−1, respectively). There was no significant difference between treatments in the time to exhaustion on the cycle ergometer,
but RPE was different (p<0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the results do not indicate caffeine ingestion as an ergogenic aid which will
postpone exhaustion following prolonged endurance exercise.
This work was presented, in part, at the Canadian Association of Sports Sciences Annual Meeting, October 1987, Lake Louise,
Alberta, Canada 相似文献
92.
93.
Risk of localized and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
S Shapiro J P Kelly L Rosenberg D W Kaufman S P Helmrich N B Rosenshein J L Lewis R C Knapp P D Stolley D Schottenfeld 《The New England journal of medicine》1985,313(16):969-972
In a case-control study of the risk of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in relation to conjugated-estrogen use, we found that 31 per cent of 425 women with endometrial cancer and 15 per cent of 792 controls reported having used conjugated estrogens; the rate-ratio estimate was 3.5 with a 95 per cent confidence interval of 2.6 to 4.7. For use that lasted at least one year, the rate-ratio estimate for Stage I or II cancer was 5.2 (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.7 to 7.2), and for Stages III and IV combined it was 3.1 (1.5 to 6.4). Among women who had used estrogen for at least one year and then discontinued it, the risk of endometrial cancer remained significantly elevated even after estrogen-free intervals of over 10 years. The findings suggest that long-term use of conjugated estrogen increases the risk of both localized and widespread endometrial cancer. The data also suggest that women who have taken conjugated estrogen for one or more years remain at increased risk for at least 10 years after they discontinue use. Such women should be considered for long-term gynecologic surveillance. 相似文献
94.
Roudebush WE Wininger JD Jones AE Wright G Toledo AA Kort HI Massey JB Shapiro DB 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2002,17(5):1306-1310
BACKGROUND: A definitive need exists to identify a biomarker of embryonic viability. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) production by human embryos is related to pregnancy potential. METHODS: Conditioned embryo culture media were obtained following conventional IVF on day 3, with PAF levels and pregnancy outcomes correlated. RESULTS: Overall pregnancy rate was 68% (17/25) with a mean of 84.1 (+/- 8.5) pmol/l/embryo PAF level. PAF levels ranged from a 216.4 pmol/l/embryo (pregnant) to a 3.7 pmol/l/embryo (not pregnant). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in PAF content between pregnant (92.1 +/- 9.5 pmol/l/embryo) and non-pregnant groups (52.5 +/- 16.6 pmol/l/embryo). Patients were categorized into three groups based upon PAF levels: low (< or= 5 pmol/l/embryo); medium (51-100 pmol/l/embryo) and high (>100 pmol/l/embryo). The low (60%) group had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower pregnancy rate than either the medium (85%) or high (89%) groups. A receiver-operator characteristic curve predicted a cut-off limit of 45 pmol/l/embryo for PAF content in human embryo conditioned culture media. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate a correlation between PAF levels in human embryo conditioned culture media and pregnancy outcome. Additionally, as embryonic PAF levels increase so does the corresponding pregnancy rate. Therefore, PAF may be used as an indicator of embryo viability and for predicting pregnancy outcome. 相似文献
95.
The possibility of a hypothalamo-pituitary involvement in the intracranial self-stimulation phenomenon was investigated. Threshold and optimal stimulation currents were identified by means of the method of limits, in rats with bipolar electrodes implanted in the lateral hypothalamus. Total or sham hypophysectomies were performed after the establishment of these current values, and found to have no effect on reinforcing brain stimulation. It was concluded that a hypothalamo-pituitary mechanism does not subserve reinforcing brain stimulation. 相似文献
96.
NMDA receptor antagonists impair memory for nonspatial,socially transmitted food preference 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Rats avoid unfamiliar foods and learn to prefer those that they smell on the breath of conspecifics. Hippocampal lesions produce rapid forgetting of this socially acquired memory. The authors report that NMDA receptor antagonists impair this memory. Rats given CPP were trained in the social transmission of food preference task. Normal rats showed robust memory 72 hr later. CPP-injected rats performed normally 24 hr, but randomly 72 hr, after training. Spatial context was irrelevant: Rats trained and tested in different rooms performed the same as rats trained and tested in 1 room. MK801 and intrahippocampal injections of APV produced amnestic effects similar to CPP. Thus, NMDA receptor activation is crucial for the persistence of socially acquired, hippocampus-dependent, nonspatial memory. 相似文献
97.
Stein MD Cunningham WE Nakazono T Asch S Turner BJ Crystal S Andersen RM Zierler S Bozzette SA Shapiro MF 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2000,25(1):51-55
OBJECTIVE: Gynecologic disease is common in HIV-infected women. We examine the sociodemographic, clinical, and provider factors associated with the care of women with vaginal symptoms. METHODS: Women enrolled in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), a nationally representative probability sample of HIV-infected adults, were interviewed between January 1996 and April 1997. Women with vaginal symptoms who sought medical attention were asked, "Did your health care provider examine your vaginal area?" Women were also asked if they received medication for their symptoms. RESULTS: Among 154 women with vaginal symptoms, 127 sought care for their symptoms. Of those who sought care, 48% saw a gynecologist and 52% sought care from nongynecologists, most often their usual HIV care provider. Women who saw a gynecologist for their symptoms were more likely to have received a pelvic examination (92% versus 76%; p =.06) and vaginal fluid collection (98% versus 88%; p =.06) than those who saw their regular HIV provider. Fifteen percent of women received medication for their symptoms without having a pelvic examination; gynecologists were less likely to prescribe without an examination (8% versus 21%; p =.12). CONCLUSION: Gynecologists are more likely to provide adequate care of vaginal symptoms among HIV-infected women than nongynecologists who were HIV care providers. This specialty difference is consistent with quality of care studies for other medical conditions, but the potential gynecologic complications of inadequate evaluation and treatment warrants further investigation. 相似文献
98.
Metes D Logar A Rudert WA Zeevi A Woodward J Demetris AJ Abu-Elmagd K Eghtesad B Shapiro R Fung JJ Trucco M Starzl TE Murase N 《Human immunology》2003,64(8):787-795
Passenger leukocytes have been demonstrated to play significant roles in initiating and also regulating immune reactions after organ transplantation. Reliable techniques to detect donor leukocytes in recipients after organ transplantation are essential to analyze the role, function, and behavior of these leukocytes. In this report we describe a simple, reliable method to detect donor cells with low frequencies using peripheral blood samples. Detection of small numbers of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched cells was first studied using four-color flow cytometry in artificially created cell mixtures. By selecting the CD45(+) population and simultaneous staining with several leukocyte lineage markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, and CD19), MHC-mismatched leukocytes were consistently detected in cell suspensions prepared from directly stained whole blood samples with a threshold sensitivity as low as 0.1%-0.2%. When the fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by conventional Ficoll gradient purification, similar, but slightly lower levels of donor cells were detected. Blood samples obtained 1-5 months after liver, kidney, and intestine transplants revealed that the kind of organ allograft influenced levels and lineage pattern of the circulating donor cells. This procedure provided a simple and reliable method in determining early chimerism in transplant recipients. However, the detection of MHC-mismatched leukocytes of all lineages was much lower when frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used. 相似文献
99.
100.