V3 sequence analysis and biological characterization of HIV-1 isolates from asymptomatic and early symptomatic Tanzanian individuals

The aim of this study was to determine HIV-1 V3 sequences, in vitro biological characteristics and co-receptor usage of virus isolates from Tanzania. Virus was isolated from 14 of 17 samples investigated. Four of the isolates induced syncytia in MT-2 cells and used the CXCR4 co-receptor, while the remaining 10 isolates used the CCR5 co-receptor characteristic of non-MT-2 tropic viruses. One of the four MT-2 tropic isolates also used the CCR5 and CCR3 co-receptors. Proviral DNA was detected in all 14 isolates and PCR products were subjected to DNA sequencing. Unambiguous V3 amino acid sequences were obtained from 11 amplificates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these sequences were divergent and clustered in HIV-1 subtypes A, C or D. Sequences from the viruses that induced syncytia in MT-2 cells presented characteristic V3 phenotype-associated amino acids. Results of co-receptor analysis are in concordance with the isolate phenotype as determined by replication and induction of syncytia in MT-2 cells. The considerable diversity illustrated by a limited number of isolates from Tanzania is in accordance with reports from other regions of Africa.     

The effect of dopamine D2, D5 receptor and transporter (SLC6A3) polymorphisms on the cue-elicited heroin craving in Chinese.

Heroin dependence is resulted from the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. Subjective craving is considered to be a central phenomenon, which contributes to the continuation of drug use in active abuser and the occurrence of relapse in detoxified abusers. Dopamine pathway has been implicated in the cue-elicited craving for a variety of addictive substances. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that heroin addicts carrying specific variants in dopamine-related genes would have higher levels of craving following exposure to a heroin-related cue. Craving induced by a series of exposure to heroin-related cue was assessed in a cohort of Chinese heroin abuser (n = 420) recruited from natural abstinence center at Shanghai. Significantly stronger cue-elicited heroin craving was found in individuals carrying D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) TaqI RFLP A1 allele than the non-carriers (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we did not observed significant association of cue-elicited craving with the nine-repeat allelic variants in dopamine transporter gene (DAT) SLC6A3 and with the dinucleotide repeat polymorphism (DRP) 148bp allele in D5 dopamine receptor gene (DRD5). The results of our study suggest that human dopamine pathway be involved in cue-induced heroin craving, and indicate a potential genetic risk factor for persistent heroin behavior and relapse.     

Diversity of Hepatitis G Virus within a Single Infected Individual

The extent of population diversity among GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) within a persistently infected individual (Iw) was investigated by sequence analysis of multiple clones generated from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products of cDNA analogous to fragments of 5 non-coding region (5NC), envelope region 1/2 (E1/E2) and non-structural region 3 (NS3) of viral genome. Although nucleotide substitutions were more common in coding regions than in the 5NC region, there was no region corresponding to the hypervariable region of hepatitis C virus in the E1/E2 region. Transition substitution exceeded transversion by 7 to 12-fold, and 79.4% of substitutions were synonymous. This bias against substitutions producing amino acid replacements and the use of Pfu DNA polymerase with an error rate 10 times lower than the observed frequency of substitution, suggests that most substitutions were not artefactual. This data suggests that individual genomes of HGV within an infected individual may differ from each other at 0.23–0.84% nucleotide position and at 0.42–0.61% amino acid position.     

白血病骨髓瘤单抗对白血病细胞株细胞内环核苷酸的影响

本文应用放射免疫测定法,检测了单克隆抗体(λ-44-5-15,λ26-4-15,SMb,OKT10和抗B)作用于相应白血病瘤细胞后细胞内cAMP、cGMP的含量变化。结果发现:抗原、抗体比例在80∶1时经McAb作用16～24h后,瘤细胞内cAMP含量明显高于对照组,cGMP含量明显低于对照组(P<0002-0001)。从而提示:McAb可通过对细胞膜作用,调控细胞内cAMP和cGMP的水平。本文还对McAb作用浓度及作用时间进行了探讨。     

Undocumented Migrants Reintroducing COVID-19, Yunnan Province,China

To limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the government of China has been monitoring infected travelers and minimizing cold-chain contamination. However, other factors might contribute to recurring outbreaks. We analyze the role of undocumented migrants as potential transmitters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in China.     

板层角膜移植联合球结膜唇粘膜移植治疗烧伤重症睑球粘连

目的 观察角膜移植治疗烧伤后睑球粘连的效果。方法 应用板层角膜移植联合自体球结膜、唇粘膜移植术治疗28例（29眼）重症睑球粘连,将角结膜假性胬肉分离至穹窿部,保留板层角膜及胬肉上皮层并反转作为睑结膜或移植粘膜作为睑膜,用新鲜板层角膜作供体更替浑浊角膜,用同侧或对侧眼球结膜修补巩膜表面结膜创面。结果 一次手术者25眼,二次手术3眼,三次手术1眼,治愈20眼,明显好转6眼,复发3眼。结论 板层角膜移植联合球结膜、唇粘膜 后重症睑球粘连是一种良好的手术方法。     

试从小儿阳气特点探讨通阳法的应用

通过对小儿阳气特点的探讨,认为小儿阳多阴少乃是小儿生长发育过程中的需要,而阳气郁遏往往成为小儿疾患常见的原因,通阳法通过使郁遏之阳气得以舒展、畅通,宣泄、从而达到阳通阴和,重新获得阴阳平衡的目的。     

维甲酸对二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌的抑制作用

探讨维甲酸（RA）对二乙基亚硝胺（DENA）诱发大鼠肝癌发病过程的作用,从第11周开始,对DENA诱癌的Wistar大鼠隔日腹腔注射RA,每只动物连续给药10次,并设对照组,在诱癌满16周时,每组处死7只,观察比较各组大鼠肝脏形成的大于等于3mm和大于等于5mm的结节数和所见最大结节的体积,给药结束后大加其他措施直至死亡,计算生存时间,在给药前,结束时和给药后20d分别记录大鼠体重,实验发现,治疗组肝切面结节数显著小于对照组（P＜0．05）,结节体积也显著小于对照组（P＜0．05）,与对照组相比,治疗组的生存时间延长55．8％（P＜0．05）,但体重差异不明显,结果提示,RA可明显减轻DENA诱发大鼠肝硬化的程度,形成肝癌结节的数目的大小,并延缓其发展,而且可延长荷瘤大鼠的生存时间。     

曲美他嗪对陈旧性心肌梗死后室性心律失常影响的随机配对、交叉研究

目的：研究曲美他嗪（Trimetazidine）对于处于常规治疗中的心肌梗死后的心 律失常的作用。方法：冠心病陈旧心肌梗死病例（OMI）,共29对（58例）;男性27对,女性2对;配对主要条件：性别、年龄、梗死部位、梗死后时间、高血压病史及分级;糖尿病史;采用病例配对、随机进入试验、交叉、单盲的试验设计;结果分析采用方差分析（ANOV／F检验）。结果：综合交叉试验结果,Trimetazidine处理组室性心律失常的发生低于对照组（F＝4．20,P＜0．05）;对于清醒时间段即活动时间段的室性心律失常的分析显示：Trimetazidine也具有显著的抑制作用（F＝5．87,P＜0．05）;对于Lown3级以上室性心律失常的单独分析,也显示出其较明显的抑制作用（F＝7．61,P≈0．01）;对于OMI后LVEF≤40％患者组的室性心律失常,Trimetazidine也表现出明确的抑制作用（F＝5．43,P＜0．05）。结论：对于陈旧性心肌梗死所伴发的室性心律失常,除基础药物的处理外,应用曲美他嗪可对其产生显著地抑制作用,并减少抗心律失常药物的应用;改善缺血心肌的能量代谢可能是此作用的主要基础。