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992.
背景和目的:COPD合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的患者,较单独患有其中1种疾病的患者更容易罹患肺动脉高压.本研究旨在评价COPD合并OSA患者的病死率及因COPD急性加重而首次住院的关系,以及持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对患者主要临床结局的影响. 相似文献
993.
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995.
TA Mills JM Mastrobattista J Silva M Monga 《The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine》2013,26(6):372-374
Objective: To determine concordance of ultrasound diagnosis in referrals to a tertiary obstetrical ultrasound unit (TOU) for suspected abnormalities.Study design: Consecutive referrals for ‘abnormal outside ultrasound’ during a 6-month period were compared with the TOU ultrasound diagnosis. Concordance of diagnosis was compared on the basis of organ system involved and referral for single or multiple suspected abnormalities. χ2 analysis was used; p?<?0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of 104 consecutive referrals reviewed, 42 (40.4%) had no abnormality documented at the TOU. Of the 62 abnormal ultrasound scans at the TOU, 78.3% were concordant. Concordance based on organ system involvement was central nervous system, 30.3%; cardiothoracic, 66.7%; gastrointestinal, 63.6%; genitourinary, 50%. Referrals for a single suspected anomaly were statistically no more likely to have a normal TOU ultrasound scan (40.4%) than those referred for multiple suspected anomalies (36.4%, p?>?0.05).Conclusions: Most referrals to a tertiary center for ‘abnormal outside ultrasound’ will be diagnosed with an abnormality. 相似文献
996.
Mulavara AP Fiedler MJ Kofman IS Wood SJ Serrador JM Peters B Cohen HS Reschke MF Bloomberg JJ 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2011,210(2):303-312
Stochastic resonance (SR) is a phenomenon whereby the response of a non-linear system to a weak periodic input signal is optimized
by the presence of a particular non-zero level of noise. Stochastic resonance using imperceptible stochastic vestibular electrical
stimulation, when applied to normal young and elderly subjects, has been shown to significantly improve ocular stabilization
reflexes in response to whole-body tilt; improved balance performance during postural disturbances and optimize covariance
between the weak input periodic signals introduced via venous blood pressure receptors and the heart rate responses. In our
study, 15 subjects stood on a compliant surface with their eyes closed. They were given low-amplitude binaural bipolar stochastic
electrical stimulation of the vestibular organs in two frequency ranges of 1–2 and 0–30 Hz over the amplitude range of 0 to
±700 μA. Subjects were instructed to maintain an upright stance during 43-s trials, which consisted of baseline (zero amplitude)
and stimulation (non-zero amplitude) periods. Measures of stability of the head and trunk using inertial motion unit sensors
attached to these segments and the whole body using a force plate were measured and quantified in the mediolateral plane.
Using a multivariate optimization criterion, our results show that the low levels of vestibular stimulation given to the vestibular
organs improved balance performance in normal healthy subjects in the range of 5–26% consistent with the stochastic resonance
phenomenon. In our study, 8 of 15 and 10 of 15 subjects were responsive for the 1–2- and 0–30-Hz stimulus signals, respectively.
The improvement in balance performance did not differ significantly between the stimulations in the two frequency ranges.
The amplitude of optimal stimulus for improving balance performance was predominantly in the range of ±100 to ±400 μA. A device
based on SR stimulation of the vestibular system might be useful as either a training modality to enhance adaptability or
skill acquisition, or as a miniature patch-type stimulator that may be worn by people with disabilities due to aging or disease
to improve posture and locomotion function. 相似文献
997.
Dorien LM Zwart Elizabeth LJ Van Rensen Cor J Kalkman Theo JM Verheij 《The British journal of general practice》2011,61(584):183-187
Background
Centralised incident reporting in a Dutch collaboration of nine out-of-hours services yielded very few incident reports. To improve incident reporting and the awareness of primary caregivers about patient safety issues, a local incident-reporting procedure was implemented.Aim
To compare the number and nature of incident reports collected in a local incident-reporting procedure (intervention) versus the currently used centralised incident-reporting procedure.Design of study
Quasi experiment.Setting
Three GPs'' out-of-hours services (OHSs) in the centre of the Netherlands participated over 2 years before and 2 years after the intervention.Method
A local incident-reporting procedure was implemented in OHS1, in which participants were encouraged to report all occurring incidents. A local committee with peers analysed the reported incidents fortnightly in order to initiate improvements if necessary. In OHS2 and OHS3, the current centralised incident-reporting procedure was continued, where incidents were reported to an advisory committee of the board of directors of the OHSs collaboration and were assessed every 2 months. The main outcome measures were the number and nature of incidents reported.Results
At baseline, participants reported fewer than 10 incidents per year each. In the follow-up period, the number of incidents reported in OHS1 increased 16-fold compared with the controls. The type of incidents reported did not alter. In the local incident-reporting procedure, improvements were implemented in a shorter time frame, but reports in the centralised incident-reporting procedure led to a more systematic addressing of general and recurring safety problems.Conclusion
It is likely that a local incident-reporting procedure increases the willingness to report and facilitates faster implementation of improvements. In contrast, the central procedure, by collating reports from many settings, seems better at addressing generic and recurring safety issues. The advantages of both approaches should be combined. 相似文献998.
Suhreta Mujakovic José JM ter Linde Niek J de Wit Corine J van Marrewijk Gerdine AJ Fransen N Charlotte Onland-Moret Robert JF Laheij Jean WM Muris Diederick E Grobbee Melvin Samsom Jan BMJ Jansen André Knottnerus Mattijs E Numans 《BMC medical genetics》2011,12(1):140
Background
The association between anxiety and depression related traits and dyspepsia may reflect a common genetic predisposition. Furthermore, genetic factors may contribute to the risk of having increased visceral sensitivity, which has been implicated in dyspeptic symptom generation. Serotonin (5-HT) modulates visceral sensitivity by its action on 5-HT3 receptors. Interestingly, a functional polymorphism in HTR3A, encoding the 5-HT3 receptor A subunit, has been reported to be associated with depression and anxiety related traits. A functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), which terminates serotonergic signalling, was also found associated with these psychiatric comorbidities and increased visceral sensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome, which coexistence is associated with higher dyspeptic symptom severity. We investigated the association between these functional polymorphisms and dyspeptic symptom severity.Methods
Data from 592 unrelated, Caucasian, primary care patients with dyspepsia participating in a randomised clinical trial comparing step-up and step-down antacid drug treatment (The DIAMOND trial) were analysed. Patients were genotyped for HTR3A c.-42C > T SNP and the 44 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 5-HTT promoter (5-HTTLPR). Intensity of 8 dyspeptic symptoms at baseline was assessed using a validated questionnaire (0 = none; 6 = very severe). Sum score ≥20 was defined severe dyspepsia.Results
HTR3A c.-42T allele carriers were more prevalent in patients with severe dyspepsia (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06-2.20). This association appeared to be stronger in females (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.25-3.39) and patients homozygous for the long (L) variant of the 5-HTTLPR genotype (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.01-3.94). Females with 5-HTTLPR LL genotype showed the strongest association (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.37-8.90).Conclusions
The HTR3A c.-42T allele is associated with severe dyspeptic symptoms. The stronger association among patients carrying the 5-HTTLPR L allele suggests an additive effect of the two polymorphisms. These results support the hypothesis that diminished 5-HT3 mediated antinociception predisposes to increased visceral sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the HTR3A c.-42C > T and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms likely represent predisposing genetic variants in common to psychiatric morbidity and dyspepsia.999.
VC Carrard AN Haas PV Rados MS Filho RV Oppermann JM Albandar C Susin 《Oral diseases》2011,17(2):171-179
Oral Diseases (2011) 17 , 171–179 Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) and to perform a multivariable risk assessment of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and oral risk indicators for its occurrence in an urban population in South Brazil. Methods: This cross‐sectional study selected 1586 subjects (719M/867F, age: 14–104 years) using a multistage probability sampling strategy (65.1% response rate). Prevalence, odds ratios (OR), and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated accounting for the survey design. Results: Leukoplakia and lichen planus were observed in 1.01% and 1.02% of subjects, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, these lesions were significantly associated with moderate/heavy smoking (OR = 9.0, 95% CI = 2.1–39.1) and heavy drinking (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1–3.7). Candidiasis and proliferative lesions were observed in 14.09% and 3.80% of the subjects, respectively. These lesions were significantly associated with female gender (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.2 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), older age (OR = 22, 95% CI = 8.0–60.8 and OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 3.4–23.7), and low socioeconomic status (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.5 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2–7.2). Conclusions: This population is in need of OML prevention and treatment. Future studies should validate the findings that premalignant lesions are causally related to smoking and alcohol consumption, and that other OML are associated with socioeconomic‐demographic disparities in this and similar populations. 相似文献
1000.
Wiegersma JS Droogh JM Zijlstra JG Fokkema J Ligtenberg JJ 《Critical care (London, England)》2011,15(1):R75