低流量七氟烷吸入麻醉时不同二氧化碳吸收剂环路中化合物A浓度的比较及其对患者肝肾功能的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of different carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents (Dr(a)gersorb 800 plus , Sodasorb,Sodasorb LF) on the production of compound A during low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia.Methods Twenty-seven ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-64 years were randomly assigned to three groups according to different CO2 absorbents: Dr(a)gersorb 800 plus' group (group D, n = 10), Sodasorb group (group S, n = 10) and Sodasorb LF group (group LF, n = 7). Anesthesia was maintained with low-flow (500 ml/min) sevoflurane inhalation (with the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of approximately 2% ). At 2 h after low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, gas samples were taken from the expiratory limb of the circuit. Compound A was detected by gas chromatography. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin (BR), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels were measured before (T0 ) and 24 h after operation (T1).Results The three groups were comparable with respect to age, body weight and height. After 2 h of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia, compound A concentrations in the expiratory limb of the circuit were 11.6 ± 5.8 (group D), 2.1 ± 1.9 (group S)and ＜ 0.1 ppm (group LF), respectively. There were no significant changes in the serum ALT, AST, BR, BUN and Cr levels at 24 h after operation as compared with the preoperative baseline values in the three groups.Conclusion After 2 h of low-flow (500 ml/min) sevoflurane anesthesia, compound A concentrations within the circuit with different CO2 absorbents ( Dr(a)gersorb 800 plus' , Sodasorb, Sodasorb LF) are less than 50 ppm, with the lowest in Sodasorb LF.However, they have no significant effects on hepatic or renal function.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像定位像CT值与管电流关系的研究

Objective To characterize the association between the mean CT value on a scout view and the dependent mA selection method, and to evaluate the clinical value of a mA selection method based on scout view mean CT value in obtaining individualized scan protocol and consistent image quality for patient population on 64-row MSCT CT coronary angiography (CTCA).Methods One hundred patients (group A) underwent CCTA consecutively using standard protocol with a fixed mA.The mean CT value of a fixed ROI (region of interest) from the scout AP view and the CTCA image noise (standard deviation on the root of ascending aorta) were measured.The correlation between CT values and noise was studied establish a formula and a list to determine the required mA for obtaining a consistent CTCA image noise based on the measured SV CT value.Another 100 patients (group B) were scanned using the same parameters as group A except the mA and the CT value was also measured.The mA was determined by the list established previously.The CTCA image quality (IQ) as well as the image noise (IN) and the effective dose (ED) from the two groups were statistically analyzed using t-test.The CT findings for the 32 patients in the group B were also compared with the selective coronary angiography (SCA) results.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of CCTA for detection of significant stenosis were obtained.Results The formula between the required mA and the CT value was : XmA=FmA×[(K1×CTscout + C1)/INa]2.The CCTA images in B group had statistically higher IN (27.66±2.57,22.22±4.17,t=11.33, P=0.000), but no statistical difference between IQ scores for the two groups (3.29±0.66,3.37±0.67,t=0.009, P=0.990), and ED[(8.72±2.51) versus (12.53±0.90) mSv]was 30% lower for the B group (P<0.01).For the 32 patients in the B group who had SCA, the CCTA sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and stenosis detection accuracy were 94.92% (56/59), 92.13% (82/89) ,88.89% (56/63) ,96.47% (82/85) and 93.24% (138/148) wspectively for stenosis greater than 50%.Conclusion The mA selection method based on the SV CT value for CCTA in 64-row MSCT provides individualized protocol to obtain consistent image quality and to optimize dose delivery to patients.     

单通道经皮肾镜取石术结合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石

目的:探讨单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石的手术效果.方法:单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石96例.结石大小2.9cm×3.4 cm～3.8 cm×5.5 cm,平均3.5 cm×4.2 cm.结果:96例均采用单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石,一期手术平均手术时间为118 min;结石清除率为82.3%(79/96),二期手术平均手术时间为55 min,结石总清除率92.7%(89/96).7例患者残留结石,大小0.3～1.0 cm,其中5例术后1个月接受ES-WL治疗.术后随访7例残留结石患者2～6个月,结石清除5例.结论:单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石结合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石具有手术时间短、结石清除率高、创伤小、并发症少、周围脏器损伤风险小等优点,可作为鹿角状肾结石的治疗方法.     

经皮穿针治疗肩锁关节脱位

目的：探讨应用闭式穿针方法治疗肩锁关节脱位效果.方法：1998年5月2000年2月用闭合穿针治疗肩锁关节脱位,采用入针点与标记点以及锁骨喙突粗隆三点定位技术,结果：全部病例均愈合,平均12．4个月,随访无感染及复发脱位,功能恢复良好。讨论：该方法固定可靠,简便,并发症少便于推广,可作为首选方法,如有复发可采用手术治疗。     

带非可吸收线锚钉系统治疗跟腱断裂

<正>跟腱断裂是创伤外科中较常见的疾病。临床大多采取手术治疗,术式和所用材料多样,各种并发症也多见报道。尤其是接近于止点处跟腱断裂的治疗,临床疗效不佳,腱骨融合率低,出现感染及跟腱再断概率较大。自2006年5月至2009年2月应用带非可吸收线锚钉系统治疗跟腱断裂28例,疗效满意,报告如下。1临床资料     

高频超声在手指伸肌腱闭合损伤中的诊断价值

目的 探讨高频超声诊断在手指伸肌腱闭合损伤中的诊断价值.方法 2005年4月至2008年10月,应用高频超声诊断指伸肌腱闭合损伤,对手术证实的21例患者的超声影像特征进行分析.结果 Ⅰ区伸肌腱损伤10例中,超声图像显示肌腱止点处低回声区,远节指骨基底向掌侧移位,动态观察主动伸指远节指骨无活动,其中3例合并末节指骨撕脱骨折,骨块均有移位.Ⅱ区损伤6例中,腱帽损伤完全断裂2例,表现为腱帽连续性中断,结构紊乱,局部有异常暗区,动态观察可见断端分离,伸腱滑向尺侧;腱帽损伤未断裂3例,表现为腱帽增厚,回声不均匀,结构不清;内固定损伤1例,可见内固定物在受损肌腱内穿过,肌腱滑动时受阻.Ⅲ区自发肌腱断裂5例,超声图像见肌腱内部回声不均匀,肌腱纤维混乱,肌腱连续性中断.结论 超声检查指伸肌腱闭合损伤是辅助诊断中的首选方法,为临床治疗提供依据.     

腕关节镜下治疗尺骨茎突骨折

目的 探讨腕关节镜监视下治疗尺骨茎突骨折的方法,以获得更好的治疗效果.方法 对15例尺骨茎突骨折的患者,在C臂透视机及腕关节镜监视下先将合并的桡骨远端骨折进行复位,经皮穿针内固定或切开复位钢板内固定,然后在腕关节镜下检查三角纤维软骨复合体(triangular fibrocartilage complex,TFCC)是否损伤,并作修整、清理等相应的处理,在关节镜监视下将尺骨茎突骨折复位,经皮作钢丝张力带内固定.结果 11例合并有TFCC损伤,经平均15.4个月的临床随访,X线片检查显示尺骨茎突骨折全部骨性愈合,骨性愈合时间平均5.2个月.按照Green-O'Brien功能评定方法进行腕关节功能评定,优良率为93.3%,无腕关节尺侧疼痛及腕关节不稳等并发症发生.结论 腕关节镜下治疗尺骨茎突骨折既可以对骨折进行有效的复位及固定,有利于骨折的愈合;又可以了解腕关节内TFCC等结构的损伤程度,便于早期处理,以免遗留慢性腕痛或腕关节不稳定.     

缺血再灌注损伤对肝脏免疫原性的影响

目的 观察缺血再灌注损伤对肝脏免疫原性的影响.方法 30只大鼠均分为3组,利用免疫荧光及Western blol检测缺血30min再灌注组及缺血60min再灌注组及对照组的肝脏中共刺激分子B7蛋白的表达水平.结果 正常肝脏B7-1、B7-2表达处于极低水平(0.035±0.005、0.025±0.004),缺血再灌注后肝脏B7-1、B7-2的蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01),缺血再灌注60min组的B7-1、B7-2的表达水平明显高于缺血30min再灌注组(B7-1:0.070±0.017比0.051±0.008,B7-2:0.042±0.004.比0.037±0.004,P<0.01).结论 缺血再灌注损伤使共刺激分子B7蛋白表达升高,提示缺血再灌注损伤可使移植肝免疫原性升高,这些均能促进急性排斥反应的发生.     

骨性Ⅱ类青少年错[牙合]畸形面部软组织侧貌的极坐标测量分析

目的应用极坐标表达体系研究骨性Ⅱ类青少年错[牙合]畸形患者的面部软组织侧貌特征。方法根据Virgilio分析法（极坐标体系）,对60例乌鲁木齐地区青少年骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者的头颅侧位定位x线片,进行了32个项目的测量,分析面部软组织侧貌特征,并采用配对t检验分析性别间差异。结果（1）男性骨性Ⅱ类错胎畸形患者面部侧貌软组织标志点的极径均大于女性骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者,差异具有统计学意义。（2）在与极轴相比的比例项目中,下唇凸点（Li）、下唇凹点（Bs）、软组织颏前点（Pgs）、软组织颏顶点（Gns）、软组织颏下点（Mes）的极轴／极径比（Po—Ns／Po—Li、Po—Ns／Po—Bs、Po—Ns／Po—Pgs、Po—Ns／Po-Gns、Po—Ns／Po-Mes）,男女性别间差异具有统计学意义。（3）标志点鼻底点（Sn）、上唇凸点（Ls）、下唇凸点（Li）、下唇凹点（Bs）、软组织颏前点（Pgs）、软组织颏顶点（Gns）、软组织颏下点（Mes）的极角,女性大于男性,性别间差异具有统计学意义。结论乌鲁木齐地区青少年骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者面部软组织侧貌特征具有性别差异。极坐标表达体系是研究生长发育过程或正畸治疗前后面部软组织侧貌特征点的生长量（和生长方向）及位移量（和位移方向）的良好方法之一。     

膨胀式椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎体成形治疗严重骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折

[目的]探讨膨胀式椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎体成形治疗严重骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折治疗效果。[方法]回顾分析2006年10月-2009年3月,应用膨胀式椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎体成形治疗严重骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折14例,年龄61~77岁,平均65岁,椎体压缩高度:30%~75%,平均60%。椎管占位情况:25%~50%11例,50%~75%3例。骨质疏松按Jike i分级Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级6例。[结果]经过6~27个月,平均16个月的随访。椎体高度恢复92%~100%,平均96.8%。椎管直径恢复80%~96%,平均88%。神经恢复情况:所有Ⅲ~Ⅳ级病例全部恢复功能。内置物无1例出现折断、弯曲、松动现象。无1例出现伤口感染。[结论]膨胀式椎弓根螺钉系统固定联合椎体成形治疗严重骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折,最大限度的恢复了椎体的高度和强度,减少了内置物松动,避免了椎体高度的再丢失,为早期活动,减少并发症提供了基础,是治疗该类型骨折的有效方法。