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31.
Bob Symonds RMN RCNT Cert Ed FE MA 《Journal of advanced nursing》1998,27(5):946-954
This paper explores mental health legislation from a philosophical and sociological perspective. It is argued that mental health law exists primarily as a coercive social control instrument and that the maintenance of a separate legislative framework for the mentally ill is based upon dubious legal and philosophical grounds. The need for changes in mental health law has been accelerated by the move in Britain toward care in the community. One of the most important issues at the centre of the debate revolves around the concept of 'dangerousness' and mental disorder. The research into the extent to which the risk of violence can be predicted appears problematic from a reform perspective. Prediction is considered to be the overriding problem that leads to a violation of patients' civil rights, especially in relation to black and ethnic minority groups. Equity in law is necessary for the protection of patient's rights and particularly for the protection of those people who enter mental health care systems concerned with issues of control at the expense of care. 相似文献
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Bob Symonds RMN RCNT Cert Ed FE MA 《Journal of advanced nursing》1995,22(1):94-100
This paper explores the origins of insane asylums in 19th century England by comparing the official 'received' medically dominated perspective with an alternative sociological perspective The major structural changes in provision are addressed as the focus for analysing the differing histories A brief review is presented of the responses to insane people prior to the national asylum programme following the 1845 Lunacy Act, and of the reform logic that underpinned asylum care The alternative sociological perspective presents the origins of psychiatric asylums as part of the social and economic changes occuring generally at that time As such the origins of insane asylums are presented as part of a state-guided 'sanitary'movement which included poor, criminal and insane people within its remit The effect of state-guided correction was the segregation of insane people from both the general population and other deviants who were formerly classed together Insane people are thus presented as a group of deviants who departed most radically from the 'rational individualist' qualities of self-control, predictability and responsibility required in the industrialized world of capital social relations that emerged during the last century 相似文献
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FE Lithander A-T McGill AK MacGibbon BH McArdle SD Poppitt 《Lipids in health and disease》2008,7(1):41
Background
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a phospholipid which is biosynthesized into long chain N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) including oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a known inhibitor of food intake. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PE-containing lipids can also inhibit intake. This was a 4 treatment intervention where 18 male participants were given a high-fat test breakfast (2.5MJ, 53 en% fat) containing (i) high-phospholipid, high-PE lipid (ii) high-phospholipid, medium-PE lipid (iii) no-phospholipid, no-PE control lipid or (iv) water control, in a randomised cross-over. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess post-ingestive hunger and satiety, and energy intake (EI) was measured at an ad libitum lunch meal after 3.5hours. 相似文献34.
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Rats were given enemas of Gastrografin in two strengths, Renografin--76, and Tween--80 in a 10% dilution. There were no deleterious effects on the colons with these media used in volumes to fill the colon. Severe changes resulted from volumes which produced overdistention. 相似文献
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Phenotypic markers and BCL-1 gene rearrangements in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Newman RA; Peterson B; Davey FR; Brabyn C; Collins H; Brunetto VL; Duggan DB; Weiss RB; Royston I; Millard FE 《Blood》1993,82(4):1239-1246
The markers, CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD21, CD23, CD25, CD38, and FMC7 were correlated with morphologic and other laboratory and clinical characteristics of 127 patients with untreated CD5+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Only CD38 and CD21 were significantly associated with atypical CLL morphology. The integrin associated markers CD11b and CD11c were associated with lower leukocyte count (white blood cell count [WBC]) and lower Rai stage. By contrast, the activation antigen CD23 was associated with a higher WBC, higher Rai stage, younger age group, and the presence of lymphadenopathy. Therefore, we conclude that CD23 positivity may reflect a more aggressive form of CLL, and CD11b and CD11c positivity a less aggressive form. The BCL-1 gene rearrangement was present in 5 of 84 (6%) CLL cases examined and was associated with atypical morphology and surface expression of CD11b. Patients with a BCL-1 gene rearrangement may represent a CLL subset or possibly a different B-cell disease. 相似文献
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