Results of a non-controlled trial of hyperthermia combined with radiation for superficial tumours

Fifty-four patients with 65 superficial malignant lesions were treated by local hyperthermia combined with radiation therapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. Hyperthermia was delivered with an Aloka Model HMS-020 (2450 MHz) or with a horn-type applicator of BSD-1000 (80-90 MHz). Relatively small tumours, those less than 4 cm in thickness, were treated by using 2450 MHz while 80-90 MHz delivered through the horn-type applicator was used for tumours exceeding 5 cm in thickness. The radiation dose was 4 Gy twice a week or 2 Gy five times a week, the total dose being 40-60 Gy. A total of six to 10 hyperthermia treatments ranging from 40 to 60 min each, with the tumour heated to more than 42.5 degrees C, were given twice a week within 1 h following radiation therapy. Complete response was achieved in 16 of the 30 patients (55 per cent) treated with the 2450 MHz microwave, and partial response in seven others (23 per cent). Tumours treated with the BSD-1000 achieved complete response in 10 out of 33 patients (30 per cent) and partial response in nine others (27 per cent). In five out of nine patients classified as partial responders, however, complete disappearance of tumour cells was noted by post-treatment histological examination. Complete plus partial response rates were thus essentially the same with the Aloka HMS-020 and the BSD-1000, though the rate of complete response was apparently higher with the Aloka unit, probably because it was used on smaller tumours.     

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins and beta 2-microglobulin in lymphoproliferative and other neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system

Humoral immune aberrations may occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with lymphoproliferative and other neoplastic diseases infiltrating the central nervous system (CNS). Such aberrations may be of diagnostic importance. We therefore studied CSF and serum from 47 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and from 16 patients with various nonlymphoid neoplasias; 17 patients and 12 patients, respectively, had neoplastic CNS involvement. Elevated CSF IgM index and oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF and serum were commonly found, especially in patients with CNS involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid IgG and IgA indexes were usually normal. Increased CSF to serum albumin ratio, reflecting blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and increased CSF beta 2-microglobulin concentration were most common in patients with CNS involvement. The results indicate that neoplastic CNS disease should be borne in mind when CSF humoral immune aberrations are found.     

Time trends of the prevalences of hepatitis B e antigen positives among hepatitis B virus carriers in Japan

In order to examine time trends of the prevalences of HBeAg positives among HBV carriers in Japan, we analysed data on HBeAg of HBsAg positive voluntary blood donors (23,560 males, and 8659 females) at the Osaka Red Cross Blood Centre between January 1977 and March 1984. Age-specific prevalences of HBeAg positives decreased year by year for both sexes, especially for those in their teens and twenties. The prevalences of HBeAg positives decreased with age, but at any given age it was lower for the later than for the earlier birth cohorts. Although reasons for the secular declines are unknown, the findings suggest that the prevalence of HBeAg positives among HBV carriers will continue to decrease in Japan. This, together with the immunization programme implemented this year, may lead to a future reduction in the risk of HBV related liver diseases in Japan.     

Aspiration drainage of splenic abscesses

The successful use of guided percutaneous needle aspiration in the management of four patients with solitary splenic abscess is described. Two patients had needle aspiration alone and two patients, with large splenic abscesses, had drainage tubes inserted. The procedures were well tolerated and allowed rapid microbiological diagnosis with selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy. The techniques were useful in patients felt to be poor anaesthetic risks, and the complications of splenectomy were avoided.     

An analysis of the role of stimulus removal in taste adaptation by means of simulated drinking

Human multiple sip drinking was simulated by repeated, alternate application of a NaCl solution and a second liquid to the anterior portion of the tongue. Judged intensity of the NaCl solution remained constant during alternation with artificial saliva, increased during alternation with water, and decreased during alternation with an identical NaCl solution or with no second liquid. Relative change in concentration on the tongue may determine constancy, facilitation, or adaptation during drinking.     

Antibiotic prophylaxis and secondary haemorrhage following transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective trial

One hundred and sixty-two patients were studied in a random double-blind controlled trial of co-trimoxazole to prevent secondary haemorrhage following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of post-operative urinary infection and secondary haemorrhage (P less than 0.05) but no difference between the incidence of bleeding in the treatment and placebo groups. Although infection may play a role in the development of secondary haemorrhage, co-trimoxazole for 10 days does not decrease the incidence of this complication.