Experience with the Amplatz retrievable vena caval filter. Work in progress

The Amplatz retrievable vena caval filter was designed in an attempt to decrease complications associated with the placement of Mobin-Uddin or Kimray-Greenfield filters. The design allows percutaneous retrieval, thus expanding application of the filter to situations requiring temporary prophylaxis against pulmonary embolism. Filters have been placed in 16 patients, nine (56%) for prophylactic purposes. All filters were easily inserted percutaneously. Complications occurred in three patients; these included complete thrombosis of the inferior vena cava below the filter, misplacement of one filter into the pericaval retroperitoneal tissue, and development of thrombus cranial to the filter. With the current introduction system, the possibility of filter misplacement has been essentially eliminated. No patient experienced symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism after filter insertion. One filter retrieval has been performed, with no complications.     

Inoculation of barrier-born pigs with Helicobacter pylori: a useful animal model for gastritis type B

At the age of 8 weeks, 15 barrier-born pigs, specific pathogen free, were inoculated intragastrically with suspensions of 10(7) to 10(10) CFU of Helicobacter pylori after pretreatment with omeprazole. The pigs were observed for up to 12 weeks, endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken, and serum samples were drawn. H. pylori was identified by routine culturing and by staining with an H. pylori-specific monoclonal antibody on cryostat sections of gastric biopsy specimens. In 11 of 15 inoculated pigs, H. pylori was detected throughout the observation period. In these infected pigs, there was an antibody response to H. pylori, as determined in serum by an enzyme immunoassay. Furthermore, the development of superficial, focal gastritis with infiltrates of mononuclear class II antigen-expressing lymphocytes was observed immunohistologically. H. pylori was never detected and an antibody response to H. pylori was not observed in two control pigs. The development of gastritis and the systemic antibody response to H. pylori support the usefulness of this animal model for studies of H. pylori-related human diseases.     

Characterization of Orbiviruses of the Kemerovo serogroup: Isolations and serological comparisons

Summary Nine Orbiviruses of the Kemerovo serogroup were isolated from ticks collected in seabird colonies situated in the U.K., Faeroe Islands, Norway, Morocco and California, U.S.A. Comparison by serological tests with previously reported members of the Kemerovo serogroup demonstrated that viruses isolated from the hard tick,Ixodes uriae, were members of the Great Island subgroup, whereas viruses from soft ticks,Argas monolakensis andOrnithodoros maritimus, belonged to the Chenuda subgroup. Members of the Chenuda group differed from the Great Island group in their ability to produce plaques inXenopus cell cultures and in the time taken to produce clinical signs in infected mice.     

Modulation of in vitro and in vivo T-cell responses by transferrin- gallium and gallium nitrate

Gallium is a group IIIa metal that has efficacy in the therapy of malignant disorders such as lymphoma and urothelial tract tumors. Preclinical studies also indicate a role for gallium in autoimmune disorders, suggesting that gallium is able to modulate T-cell immune reactivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory action of gallium on T-cell function. Since gallium binds to transferrin in vivo, in vitro studies evaluated the effect of transferrin-gallium (Tf-Ga) on human T cells. Tf-Ga inhibited the mitogen-induced proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent fashion. Alloantigen- induced proliferation was also potently suppressed when evaluated in a mixed lymphocyte culture assay. Tf-Ga affected a significant reduction in the density of IL-2 receptors on activated T cells and a slight reduction in the number of CD3+/CD25+ T cells in PHA-stimulated cultures. Neither secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) nor the induction of IL-2-stimulated lymphokine-activated killer activity, however, was inhibited by Tf-Ga. Tf-Ga produced significant upregulation of the transferrin receptor (CD71) in T cells as determined by flow cytometric analysis and northern blot assay, but did not affect the percentage of CD3+/ CD71+ T cells after mitogen stimulation. To assess the in vivo effects of gallium on alloreactive T cells, we evaluated the immunosuppressive effect of gallium in a murine model of graft-versus- host disease (GVHD). Administration of gallium significantly prolonged survival in mice undergoing severe GVHD, suggesting that gallium can ameliorate GVH reactivity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that, at clinically achievable concentrations, Tf-Ga potently inhibits T-cell activation and that this immunosuppressive property of gallium may be of adjunctive therapeutic value in the management of disorders characterized by the presence of autoreactive or alloreactive T-cell populations.     

蛋白质组学及其相关技术在运动人体科学中的应用

目的:对蛋白组学及蛋白芯片技术发展现状进行综述,为该技术在运动医学中的应用提供参考资料。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed2003-01/2006-12期间相关蛋白组学及蛋白芯片技术方面的文章,检索词“exercise AND protein chip,protein microarray”,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索万方数据库2003-01/2006-12期间相关蛋白组学及蛋白芯片技术方面的文章,检索词“蛋白质,运动锻炼,运动医学”,并限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。纳入标准:文章所述内容应与蛋白质组学及蛋白质芯片技术的研究相关。排除标准:重复研究或Meta分析类文章。资料提炼:共收集到312篇相关文献,32篇文献符合纳入标准,排除的280篇文献为内容陈旧或重复。资料综合:蛋白组学研究已成为基因组学研究后生命科学发展的大方向之一。它研究的主要内容包括:蛋白质分离与鉴定、蛋白质功能的确定、蛋白质翻译后修饰及相互作用、各种疾病或疲劳标志物的筛选与疾病诊断、生物信息学及药物开发等方面。文章在对蛋白质组学的发展及其相关技术在运动人体科学中的应用现状进行综述的基础上,对运动人体科学未来的发展方向进行了展望。由于蛋白质组学的建立以及蛋白质芯片技术的逐步完善,对运动人体科学的研究及其发展将起到很好的促进作用。结论:未来将从分子水平上阐明运动与人体适应的分子生物学机制,研究热点将集中于从运动营养蛋白质组学、反兴奋剂的蛋白质芯片技术、运动员机能评定的蛋白质芯片研究等方面。