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排序方式: 共有220条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hormone replacement therapy relieves climacteric symptom and prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis. A protective effect of estrogen against coronary heart disease remains debatable and inconclusive results have been reported with respect to the risk of stroke. We have therefore performed an updated quantitative assessment of the risk for stroke associated with hormone replacement therapy. METHODS: MEDLINE database was used. Studies analyzing postmenopausal women and considering any subtypes of stroke--i.e. fatal or non-fatal, ischaemic or haemorrhagic--as the outcome of interest were selected. An overall estimate was calculated as a weighted average of the odds ratios or relative risks, with the weights being the reciprocal of their variance. Random effects models were used to take into account the heterogeneity of data. RESULTS: Six case-control studies, seventeen cohort studies and one randomized trial were selected between 1978 and 1998. Seven studies assessed the risk of ischaemic stroke associated with hormone replacement therapy and the pooled estimate of the risk was 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.25). The random effects model showed an increased risk of 18% (relative risk 1.18, 95% confidence interval, 0.98 to 1.43). Regarding haemorrhagic stroke, the analysis based on two case-control studies and one cohort study showed a significantly reduced risk of 35%. Lastly, based on five studies, no significant change in the risk of subarachnoidal hemorrhage was found. CONCLUSION: This updated analysis suggests an increased risk for ischaemic stroke among postmenopausal women who use oral estrogen replacement therapy. No data regarding transdermal estrogen are available. 相似文献
142.
Objective: The aim of this study was to understand tooth eruption by comparing the gene expression during tooth eruption and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
Materials and methods: Orthodontic force was applied on maxillary molars for 2, 4, 7 and 14 days to study tooth movement. Mice at PN 0, 7, 10, 15 and 21 were fixed to observe tooth eruption. Comparative study of two procedures was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and in situ hybridization for matrix metalloproteinase ( Mmp ) 2 , 13 , bone sialoprotein ( Bsp ) and osteocalcin ( Ocn ).
Results: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and expression of Mmp2 , 13 were obviously detectable in the compression region during OTM. They were also identified in the occlusal and apical region of alveolar bone during tooth eruption. Strong expression of Bsp and Ocn was detectable at the tension side during OTM. These genes were also expressed in the inner lateral region of alveolar bone adjacent to the tooth, but absent in the inner surface of the occlusal and root apical regions during tooth eruption.
Conclusion: The process of alveolar bone metabolism during developmental eruption and OTM shares the same mechanism. Internal force, as the orthodontic force for OTM, may be initiating factor for tooth eruption. 相似文献
Materials and methods: Orthodontic force was applied on maxillary molars for 2, 4, 7 and 14 days to study tooth movement. Mice at PN 0, 7, 10, 15 and 21 were fixed to observe tooth eruption. Comparative study of two procedures was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and in situ hybridization for matrix metalloproteinase ( Mmp ) 2 , 13 , bone sialoprotein ( Bsp ) and osteocalcin ( Ocn ).
Results: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and expression of Mmp2 , 13 were obviously detectable in the compression region during OTM. They were also identified in the occlusal and apical region of alveolar bone during tooth eruption. Strong expression of Bsp and Ocn was detectable at the tension side during OTM. These genes were also expressed in the inner lateral region of alveolar bone adjacent to the tooth, but absent in the inner surface of the occlusal and root apical regions during tooth eruption.
Conclusion: The process of alveolar bone metabolism during developmental eruption and OTM shares the same mechanism. Internal force, as the orthodontic force for OTM, may be initiating factor for tooth eruption. 相似文献
143.
Dickey RP; Taylor SN; Curole DN; Rye PH; Lu PY; Pyrzak R 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(3):449-453
Our objective was to examine the relationship between patient weight and
the dose of clomiphene required for pregnancy so as to assess the validity
of recommendations that the dose of clomiphene be limited to 100 mg. We
retrospectively analysed the weight-dose relationship in 1681 clomiphene
pregnancies and the relationship between dose and pregnancy, births,
multiple births, number of pre-ovulatory follicles and endometrial
thickness in 2841 cycles of clomiphene treatment, 25- 250 mg, for 5 days
before intrauterine insemination (IUI). Doses of clomiphene >100 mg/day
were used before pregnancies in 27.4% of patients who weighed >90 kg and
in 14.7% of all pregnancies. In IUI cycles, pregnancies and births, but not
multiple births or abortions, were related to dose. An increase in dose
from 25 to 100 mg resulted in higher pregnancy and birth rates, and in an
increase in the average number of pre-ovulatory follicles > or =12 mm in
diameter, from 2.0 to 2.8, with no additional increase at higher doses.
Endometrial thickness and cycle day of insemination were not related to
dose. We conclude that doses of clomiphene may safely be increased beyond
100 mg, and that doses > or =100 mg are required in significant numbers
of patients.
相似文献
144.
Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
X Morandi G Brassier P Darnault Ph Mercier JM Scarabin JM Duval 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》1996,18(4):275-280
Summary In this study, the authors present the results of 50 dissections of the anterior choroidal a. in man. Fifty cerebral hemispheres were prepared with the classic techniques of preservation and vascular injection. An ectopic origin was observed in 4% of cases. The intracisternal segment of the anterior choroidal a. forms a neurovascular bundle with the optic tract and basal v. Most of its intraparenchymatous branches arise from the cisternal segment, while branches supplying the optic tract, lateral geniculate body and thalamus arise from the intraplexual segment. Constant anastomoses exist with the vertebrobasilar system, specially the postero-lateral choroidal and posterior cerebral aa. We discuss the importance of an adequate knowledge of the anatomy of the anterior choroidal a. and its relations in the surgical approach to arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations of the region.
Anatomie microchirurgicale de l'artère choroidienne antérieure
Résumé Dans cette étude, les auteurs rapportent les résultats d'une série de 50 dissections anatomiques de l'a. choroïdienne antérieure chez l'Homme. Cinquante hémisphères cérébraux préparés selon les techniques classiques de conservation et d'injection vasculaire ont ainsi été étudiés. Nous avons observé une origine ectopique dans 4 % des cas. Lors de son trajet intra-cisternal, l'a. choroïdienne antérieure réalise avec la face ventrale du tractus optique une "pince vasculo-nerveuse" autour de la veine basale. Bien que la plupart des branches collatérales à destinée intra-parenchymateuse naissent du segment cisternal de l'a. choroïdienne antérieure, nous avons observé des branches collatérales intra-plexuelles se dirigeant vers le tractus optique, le corps géniculé latéral et le thalamus. Les anastomoses avec le système vertébro-basilaire sont constantes et se font le plus souvent avec les aa. choroïdienne postéro-latérale et cérébrale postérieure. Nous discutons l'intérêt d'une parfaite connaissance anatomique de l'a. choroïdienne antérieure et de son environnement pour l'appréhension chirurgicale des anévrysmes artériels et malformations artério-veineuses de la région.相似文献
145.
Véronique Soisson Sylvie Brailly-Tabard Catherine Helmer Olivier Rouaud Marie-Laure Ancelin Chahinez Zerhouni Anne Guiochon-Mantel Pierre-Yves Scarabin 《Maturitas》2013
Objectives
Low plasma testosterone is associated with increased mortality in men. However, the relation between testosterone and cardiovascular disease is uncertain. We assessed the association of plasma sex hormones with the incidence of ischemic arterial disease (IAD) in elderly men.Methods
We used data from the French Three-City prospective cohort study (3650 men aged >65 years). A case-cohort design was set up including a random sample of 495 men and 146 incident cases of first IAD event (112 coronary heart disease (CHD) and 34 strokes) after a 4-year follow-up. Plasma total and bioavailable testosterone, total estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at baseline. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for IAD were assessed using Cox model.Results
After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, a J-shaped association between plasma total testosterone and IAD risk was found (p < 0.01). The HRs associated with the lowest and the highest total testosterone quintiles relative to the second quintile were 2.23 (95% CI: 1.02; 4.88) and 3.61 (95% CI: 1.55; 8.45) respectively. Additional analysis for CHD showed similar results (HR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.27; 7.63 and HR: 4.75, 95% CI: 1.75; 12.92, respectively). Similar J-shaped association was observed between bioavailable testosterone and IAD risk (p = 0.01). No significant association of estradiol and SHBG with IAD was found.Conclusion
High and low plasma testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of IAD in elderly men. Optimal range of plasma testosterone may confer cardiovascular protection and these results may have clinical implications in the management of testosterone deficiency. 相似文献146.
147.
148.
A. Taquet C. Bonithon-Kopp A. Simon J. Levenson Y. Scarabin A. Malmejac P. Ducimetiere L. Guize 《European journal of epidemiology》1993,9(3):298-306
Cross-sectional associations between aortic elasticity assessed by carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cardiovascular risk factors were examined in 429 apparently healthy middle-aged women. PWV was strongly and positively related to blood pressure and hypertension. Weak but significant positive associations were also found between PWV and age, heart rate, some lipids and lipoproteins, blood glucose (either as a continuous or dichotomous variable), body mass index, haematocrit, leucocyte count and family history of diabetes. No associations were observed between PWV and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein Al, fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, menopausal status and a family history of hypertension or myocardial infarction. After adjustment for systolic blood pressure, PWV remained significantly related to heart rate, leucocyte count, blood glucose (as a dichotomous variable) and a family history of diabetes. Multiple regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure and, to a lesser extent, heart rate, leucocyte count and a family history of diabetes were all independent determinants of PWV. This pattern of associations suggests that arterial stiffness measured by PWV reflects the sclerotic rather than the atherotic component of atherosclerosis. The potential influence of a family history of diabetes on the elastic properties of the aorta needs to be ascertained in further studies. 相似文献
149.
A Leguerrier Y Logeais C Rioux J M Scarabin C Cabrol G Lanchou 《Bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes》1979,63(183):471-478
Both surgical (236 aortic valve replacements) and anatomical (62 dissections) studies have defined the aortic annulus diameter. Measurements (23.5 mm for women; 26 mm for men) are more considerable than established values. Furthermore, surgical study allows the authors to compare these results to several variables, more especially corporeal surface and stature: the height's increase perhaps explains the large sizes discovered. 相似文献
150.