The following article is the next installment of the series “Do You Know Your Guidelines?” presented by the Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, workup, and management of cutaneous melanoma are reviewed in an evidence‐based fashion. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the use of carmustine wafers (CWs) in the management of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). The data from our monoinstitutional series was compared with studies reported in the literature. Special emphasis was placed on the evaluation of side effects and the analysis of extent of resection and molecular profile as risk factors.
Recent findings
The implantation of CWs into the resection cavity during HGG treatment to deliver localized chemotherapy, followed by the Stupp protocol, remains debated in a clinical setting, largely due to the lack of appropriate phase III studies. Given the high expense and poorly characterized side effects associated with CW treatment, identification of patients most likely to benefit from this therapy could be clinically relevant.
Summary
CWs may represent an effective and safe first-line treatment for patients with HGG that exhibit complete tumor resection and harboring a methylated MGMT promoter. Our investigation showed a much larger group of patients exhibiting long-term survival (>?=?36 months), strongly supporting a potential survival benefit conferred via CW treatment. The pre-surgical definition of the MGMT promoter status could be of clinical use in identifying “good responders” to CW implantation.
Cisplatin (CP) or cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) is a platinum based standard antineoplastic drug which is used against variety of solid tumors and neoplasms. The present study aimed to evaluate the shielding effects of rutin against CP induced testicular toxicity in rats.
Methods
28 male rats were divided into four groups. First group was given saline orally while second group received intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) on day first and received saline for next 13 days. Third group received i.p injection of cisplatin at day one and treated with rutin (75 mg/kg) orally for next 13 days. Fourth group was treated with rutin orally for 13 days. Animals were sacrificed on 14th day and reproductive organs were analyzed for various parameters.
Results
Cisplatin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in daily sperm production, decrease in head length and % DNA in head, reduction of epithelial cell height, tubular diameter, reduction of the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids, increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative stress in testicular tissues, and change of the intra-testicular testosterone concentrations. Rutin co-treatment resulted in reversing cisplatin effect on DNA damage, sperm count, histological and biochemical parameters.
Conclusion
These results indicated that rutin co-treatment could ameliorate cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.
The current study investigated profiles of vagal withdrawal in response to a challenging task in preschoolers. Also, the association between those profiles and conceptual shifting ability was assessed. Electrocardiogram of 43 four-year-olds was registered during a sequence of games including a win phase and a lose phase, while conceptual shifting ability was assessed via a standardized test. Cluster analyses revealed three profiles of cardiac vagal response to the task. Children in the first cluster displayed significant vagal withdrawal, children in the second cluster showed nonsignificant vagal withdrawal, while children in the third group displayed vagal augmentation to the challenge. These profiles differentiated preschoolers’ conceptual shifting ability. Specifically, children with vagal withdrawal had the best performance in categorization and flexibility tasks and committed fewer perseverative errors compared to children who showed blunted vagal withdrawal or vagal augmentation to the challenge. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to determine how risks associated with skydiving can be managed within acceptable limits. Using “Course-of-Action” theory described by Theureau, four experienced skydivers viewed recordings of their jumps, from preparation to landing, to elicit their perceptions of these experiences. The sequences dealing with safety concerns were then extracted. Data analysis revealed seven typical sequences of activity to manage safety, labeled “To check the material during preparation,” “To feel prepared and safe for the jump as the plane gains altitude,” “To use the time of freefall,” “To deploy the parachute,” “To fly safely,” “To ensure a safe landing” and “To organize the structured packing of the parachute.” These results showed how the skydivers mitigated safety risks through a heightened awareness of critical elements in the unfolding jump activity and sequences of distributed and timed concerns and actions. The implications for accident analysis, prevention and education for training in risky sports activity are provided.
Key points
The skydivers’ activity could be broken down into seven safety sequences.
Each safety sequence was defined by specific involvements and directions at the very moment of the situation.
Skydivers’ safety concerns are embedded in the succession of two types of temporal horizon organization: immediate and short-term.
The imaging procedure shown in this paper has been developed for processing thermographic images, measuring the ocular surface temperature (OST) and visualizing the ocular thermal maps in a fast, reliable, and reproducible way. The strength of this new method is that the measured OSTs do not depend on the ocular geometry; hence, it is possible to compare the ocular profiles belonging to the same subject (right and left eye) as well as to different populations. In this paper, the developed procedure is applied on two subjects’ eyes: a healthy case and another affected by an ocular malignant lesion. However, the method has already been tested on a bigger group of subjects for clinical purpose. For demonstrating the potentiality of this method, both intra- and inter-examiner repeatability were investigated in terms of coefficients of repeatability (COR). All OST indices showed repeatability with small intra-examiner (%COR 0.06–0.80) and inter-examiner variability (%COR 0.03–0.94). Measured OSTs and thermal maps clearly showed the clinical condition of the eyes investigated. The subject with no ocular pathology had no significant difference (P value?=?0.25) between the OSTs of the right and left eye. On the contrary, the eye affected by a malignant lesion was significantly warmer (P value?<?0.0001) than the contralateral, where the lesion was located. This new procedure demonstrated its reliability; it is featured by simplicity, immediacy, modularity, and genericity. The latter point is extremely precious as thermography has been used, in the last decades, in different clinical applications.
Dendritic cells play an important role in the initiation of immune reactions. Due to their high capacity to prime T-cell responses, the activation of dendritic cells must be tightly controlled. Because Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key player in autoinflammatory diseases, we compared the ability of IL-1β to activate human dendritic cells and induce immune-regulatory molecules versus the effects induced by pathogen-derived stimuli.Upon activation with either IL-1β or microbial stimuli, monocyte-derived dendritic cells showed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules, increased secretion of chemokines and cytokines, and the ability to activate T cells. In contrast, immune-feedback molecules, including PD-L1, IL-1RA, IL-10 and SOCS1, were exclusively upregulated in response to microbial stimuli, whereas IL-1β treatment had no inducing effect on them. Thus, the limited capacity of IL-1β to induce potential feedback inhibitors may support its key etiologic role in chronic inflammation and autoinflammatory responses. 相似文献
To investigate the ex vivo pro-inflammatory properties of classical and non-classical monocytes as well as myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.
Methods
Spontaneous production of CXCL10, CCL4, CXCL8 and IL-6 was intracellularly evaluated in classical, non-classical monocytes and Siglec-3-expressing mDCs from peripheral blood of SSc patients and healthy controls (HC) through flow cytometry. In addition, production of these cytokines was determined upon toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 plus Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation.
Results
The frequency of non-classical monocytes spontaneously producing CXCL10 was increased in both limited (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous (dcSSC) subsets of SSc patients and CCL4 was augmented in dcSSc patients. The proportion of CCL4-producing mDCs was also elevated in dcSSc patients and the percentage of mDCS producing CXCL10 only in lcSSc patients. Upon stimulation, the frequency of non-classical monocytes expressing CXCL8 was increased in both patient groups and mDCs expressing CXCL8 only in lcSSc. Moreover, these parameters in unsupervised clustering analysis identify a subset of patients which are characterized by lung fibrosis and reduced pulmonary function.
Conclusions
These data point towards a role of activated non-classical monocytes and mDCs producing enhanced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in SSc, potentially contributing to lung fibrosis.
