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41.
Inflammatory central nervous system disease in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice: comparative histologic and immunohistochemical findings 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Catherine M. Vogelweid Gayle C. Johnson Cynthia L. Besch-Williford Joe Basler Sara E. Walker 《Journal of neuroimmunology》1991,35(1-3):89-99
The brains of pathogen-free autoimmune MRL/lpr, NZBWF1 and NZB mice were examined for central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in premoribund 8-week-old animals and at ages when active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was present. CNS inflammation was observed only in MRL/lpr mice. Immunohistochemical studies of brains from young MRL/lpr mice found that infiltrates were composed primarily of CD4+ cells. Older MRL/lpr mice (22 and 26 weeks of age) had CD4+ cells predominantly, but CD8+ and B220+ cells were also present. Perivascular leakage of IgG was a prominent and unexpected finding in the MRL/lpr model. Congenic MRL/+ mice with late-onset autoimmunity had no inflammatory cells in brain tissue, and there was no perivascular staining with IgG or albumin. Our findings suggest that MRL/lpr mice are a useful model for studies of lupus-associated CNS inflammatory disease, and perivascular leakage may be a primary mechanism for entry of IgG into the brain. 相似文献
42.
Sara J White 《American journal of health-system pharmacy》2007,64(7):700, 702-700, 703
43.
44.
Correlation of serum metalloproteinase levels with lung cancer metastasis and response to therapy. 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
S Garbisa G Scagliotti L Masiero C Di Francesco C Caenazzo M Onisto M Micela W G Stetler-Stevenson L A Liotta 《Cancer research》1992,52(16):4548-4549
Cancer cells elaborate metalloproteinases which may play a role in invasion and metastasis. The serum level of the M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase (MMP-2) was measured in 87 lung cancer patients. Stage IV cancer levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.0001) compared to normal sera. A significant difference (P less than 0.01) was found between enzyme levels in the presence versus the absence of distant metastasis. For 29 patients treated with combination chemotherapy, a positive relationship was noted between response failure and elevated enzyme levels. Serum metalloproteinase levels may provide information relevant to prognosis as well as treatment decisions. 相似文献
45.
Pietro Rubegni MD Sara Poggiali MD Aldo Cuccia MD Maurizio Biagioli MD Michele Fimiani MD 《Dermatologic surgery》2004,30(12P2):1539-1542
Background. Striated palmoplantar keratoderma or Brunauer-Fohs-Siemens syndrome is a very rare, focal, nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with autosomal inheritance. Unlike other palmoplantar keratodermas, no association with visceral or skin cancer has ever been reported.
Objective. We report a case of malignant melanoma arising in the hyperkeratotic lesions on the right heel of a patient with striated palmoplantar keratoderma. The lesion was completely excised; our patient also underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and then was treated with high-dose interferon adjuvant therapy.
Methods. Sentinel lymph node biopsy incision was made in elliptical fashion, long enough to harvest a full-thickness skin graft to cover the wide local excision defect. The skin graft was defatted by sharp dissection. Several perforations were made in graft and it was secured in place with sutures and bolster dressing.
Results. At follow-up, the grafted skin showed hyperkeratotic changes but no local or systemic signs of the disease was observed.
Conclusion. The association between striated palmoplantar keratoderma and acral melanoma is discussed. 相似文献
Objective. We report a case of malignant melanoma arising in the hyperkeratotic lesions on the right heel of a patient with striated palmoplantar keratoderma. The lesion was completely excised; our patient also underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and then was treated with high-dose interferon adjuvant therapy.
Methods. Sentinel lymph node biopsy incision was made in elliptical fashion, long enough to harvest a full-thickness skin graft to cover the wide local excision defect. The skin graft was defatted by sharp dissection. Several perforations were made in graft and it was secured in place with sutures and bolster dressing.
Results. At follow-up, the grafted skin showed hyperkeratotic changes but no local or systemic signs of the disease was observed.
Conclusion. The association between striated palmoplantar keratoderma and acral melanoma is discussed. 相似文献
46.
Sara Bennett Viroj Tangcharoensathien 《The International journal of health planning and management》1993,8(2):137-152
Compulsory health insurance schemes have received attention recently as a means of creating a reliable extra-budgetary source of health care funding. Yet, the full implications of such schemes in a developing country context are unclear; in particular, the impact on and relationship with private sector providers has infrequently been explored. This study examines patterns of public and private sector utilization under the Civil Servants' Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS) in Bangkok, Thailand. The CSMBS currently provides limited reimbursement for private inpatient care, but recent proposals suggest increasing benefit levels for care sought in the private sector. The study shows that despite high level of cost recovery in the public sector, charges were much lower than those in the private sector. Different patterns of diagnosis in the two sectors were found with private hospitals tending to treat a less complex case mix. Within the private sector, there was a limited tendency to specialize in certain types of care. It is concluded that under the current payment mechanism of fee-for-service reimbursement, measures to enhance access to private sector care should be approached with caution. In the long run, the scheme should merge with the recently established social security scheme. 相似文献
47.
A detailed study comparing the distribution of D2 receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortices of the rat, cat, and human was conducted. The distribution of [125I]epidepride binding to D2 receptors along the transverse and longitudinal axes of the hippocampus and parahippocampus differed among the species. In rat hippocampus, the number of sites was highest in septal portions of lacunosum-moleculare of CA1 and stratum moleculare of the subiculum. Virtually no binding to D2 receptors existed in the temporal hippocamps. For the cat hippocampus, the highest binding existed in the inner one-third of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). There were also significant numbers of D2 receptors in strata radiatum and oriens of the CA subfields, with almost undetectable levels in lacunosum moleculare and subiculum. The number of sites was higher in the septal than temporal hippocampus. In the human hippocampus, highest binding was observed in the molecular layer of DG and the subiculum, with lower levels in strata oriens and lacunosum-moleculare of CA3, and very low binding in CA1. The histochemical demonstration of the pattern of mossy fibers revealed an organization complementary to that of D2 receptors in cat and human. In none of the species was there significant expression of D2 receptors in the entorhinal cortex, except in the caudal extreme of this region in the rat. In that region a trilaminar pattern was exhibited that continued into the perirhinal cortex. A trilaminar pattern of D2 receptor expression was observed in the perirhinal cortex of all species, with the highest values in the external and deep laminae and low expression in the middle laminae. The organization of dopamine fibers was assessed by comparing the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and dopamine β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in these same regions. It revealed consistent mismatches between the pattern of D2 receptor expression and dopaminergic innervation in all three species. The implications for this mismatch are discussed. It is hypothesized that the distribution of D2 receptors, and not of dopamine fibers, determines what neural systems dopamine influences in the hippocampal complex. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
48.
49.
Promoting autonomy and independence for older people within nursing practice: a literature review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sue Davies Bsc Msc RGN RHV Sara Laker BA RGN Lorraine Ellis BA MSc RGN RNT 《Journal of advanced nursing》1997,26(2):408-417
The principles of promoting autonomy and independence underpin many approaches to improving the quality of nursing care for older people in whatever setting, and are in line with wider developments in health care such as the Patient's Charter. However, these concepts require careful definition if nursing practices which might promote autonomy and independence are to be identified. Although the generalizability of the research-based literature in this field is limited by a focus upon older people in continuing-care settings, a review of the literature found a number of indicators associated with attempts to promote patient autonomy and independence. These were grouped into the following categories: systems of care delivery which promote comprehensive individualized assessment and multidisciplinary care planning; attempts to encourage patients/clients to participate in decisions about their care; patterns of communication which avoid exerting power and control over patients/clients and attempts to modify the environment to promote independence and minimize risk. It is suggested that the review identifies a number of principles for nursing practice which can be applied in a range of care settings in order to promote the autonomy and independence of older people. 相似文献
50.
Felipe Scalco Manzano DDSc Lucia Mercuri Granero MD Danilo Masiero MD Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues dos Santos DDSc PhD 《Special care in dentistry》2004,24(4):235-239
This study was designed to verify the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) used as a neuromuscular block on spastic masticatory musculature of children with cerebral palsy. Six patients who had spastic-tetraplegic cerebral-palsy, aged 5 to 20 years were selected. All patients had spasticity of the jaw muscles, bruxism, lower lip trauma, limited mouth opening, and difficulties in cleaning the oral cavity. The patients were sedated under general anesthesia, while the dentist injected the masseter and temporalis muscles bilaterally with 150 and 75 units of BTX-A each. Clinical examinations were conducted at 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after the initial appointment. We found statistically significant decreases in muscle spasticity and bruxism ( p = 0.002), improved inter-incisal opening ( p = 0.002), improved oral hygiene ( p = 0.031), and less lower lip trauma ( p = 0.060) after the neuromuscular blocking. 相似文献