Exercise in the management of coronary artery disease

Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost can be thought of as “healthy years of life lost”. DALYs combine years of potential life lost due to premature death with years of productive life lost due to disability. They indicate the total burden of a disease, as opposed to the resulting deaths. Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 10% of DALYs lost in low and middle income and 18% in high income countries. The incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in developing countries, partly as a result of increasing longevity, urbanization, and lifestyle changes. CAD burden is projected to rise from 47 million DALYs globally in 1990 to 82 million DALYs in 2020, of which 60% would be from developing countries. DALYs lost per thousand population; age standardized estimates for 2002 for India is 20–29 and is amongst the highest in the world. A report by World Health Organisation (WHO) says that by the end of this century, India would account for more than half of the total heart patients in the world and majority of them would be in the younger age group. This highlights the need for early diagnosis and prevention.     

心理干预对癌症患者免疫功能的影响

目的：通过心理干预前后免疫参数的变化，了解心理干预能否提高癌症患者的免疫功能。方法：运用病例对照实验设计，采用多因素综合分析统计方法，对120例（采集到血样者81例）患者进行比较研究。结果：化疗期间经心理干预后，患者的各项免疫参数均有不同程度的提高；NK细胞活性对心理行为的变化比较敏感，干预后明显提高；实验组免疫球蛋白三项指标化疗前后比较稳定，但对照组化疗后明显下降。癌症患者的愤怒表达和掩饰性性格特点与NK细胞活性显著相关；影响免疫功能的因素随免疫参数的不同而异；各种影响因素以综合作用为主，部分因素间交互作用明显。结论：心理干预对提高癌症患者的免疫功能起到一定作用，但其机制和稳定性有待进一步研究。     

CHROMOSOME 17P MAY HARBOR MULTIPLE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant type of glioma, is the most common primary brain neoplasm. Although comprehensive therapeutic measures are applied, the prognosis of GBM remains dismal with a median post-treatment survival of less than one year. Modern molecular genetics has demonstrated that abnormal alterations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes are the major mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of this malignant tumor. Identifying rela…     

Subaponeurotic haemorrhage in the 1990s: a 3-year surveillance

A 3-year survey of subaponeurotic haemorrhage (January 1991 to December 1993) in a tertiary referral centre in Hong Kong revealed that the incidence of this life-threatening condition was 6.4 per 1000 ventouse-associated deliveries, which is 60-fold more common than with other modes of childbirth. We highlight a lesser known phenomenon of marked male predominance (male to female ratio 8:1). Three of 18 (17%) infants with subaponeurotic haemorrhage died. Severe subaponeurotic haemorrhage with a decrease in venous haematocrit > 25% of the baseline value at birth and requiring urgent blood transfusion in the first 12 h, in association with significant birth asphyxia with arterial cord blood pH < 7.20 and 1-minApgar score3 were the most important risk factors for death. A worrying feature was the silent presentation of occult subaponeurotic haemorrhage in two of the fatal cases. Frequent monitoring of haematocrit, early and rapid restoration of blood volume and prompt commencement of cardiac inotropes are the keys to the management of this condition, which should be suspected in all ill newborn infants subjected to the ventouse applicator, Cord blood pH, haematocrit, subaponeurotic haemorrhage, ventouse
PC Ng, Department of Paediatrics, Level 6, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong     

H460小型细胞团在天然活性Ⅰ型胶原中三维立体培养模型的构建

目的:建立H460小型细胞团在天然活性Ⅰ型胶原中的三维立体培养技术。方法:实验于2006-07/11在解放军兰州军区兰州总医院呼吸内科实验室(博士后工作站)完成。①实验材料:H460细胞系由解放军总医院惠赠;Wistar大鼠,体质量150～200g,实验中的胶原仅从大鼠的尾部肌腱提取,该大鼠来源为其他科室实验过程中未做任何处理的大鼠。②实验方法:将H460小型细胞团悬液、鼠尾提取的天然胶原(4g/L)与4倍体积的DMEM共同混合为细胞浓度2×108L-1、胶原浓度为1g/L、1倍体积DMEM浓度。③实验评估:倒置显微镜观察细胞团在天然胶原中的生长状态,并与平面培养细胞相比较。结果:平面培养的细胞,其细胞团生长呈分散平铺的方式,单个细胞为不规则多边行,细胞之间有明显的间隙存在,而立体培养的细胞呈团块状,周围可见放射状毛刺突起,无法观察单个细胞。结论:H460小型细胞团在天然胶原中的三维立体培养为体外研究细胞生长及肿瘤细胞生长方式提供了一个更为类似体内环境的模型。     

Regulation of cholesterol synthesis by low density lipoprotein in isolated human lymphocytes

The rate of cholesterol synthesis from [14C]acetate was low in circulating blood lymphocytes freshly isolated from 17 normal subjects and 4 subjects with homozygous FH. On the other hand, the rate of cholesterol synthesis was two to fourfold above normal in freshly isolated lymphocytes from two subjects with abetalipoproteinemia. When the lymphocytes from subjects with all three genotypes were incubated for 48-72 h in the absence of lipoproteins, the rate of cholesterol synthesis increased by 5-15-fold. The subsequent addition of plasma LDL, but not HDL, rapidly suppressed cholesterol synthesis in the lymphocytes from normal subjects. In contrast, lymphocytes from the FH homozygotes, which have been shown previously to be deficient in cell surface LDL receptors, were resistant to LDL-mediated suppression of cholesterol synthesis. In addition to its ability to suppress cholesterol synthesis after it had been elevated by incubation of the cells in the absence of lipoproteins, LDL was able to suppress the induction of the enhanced rate of sterol synthesis when added to normal lymphocytes immediately after their isolation from the bloodstream. In contrast to the former action of LDL, the latter action of LDL-i.e., the suppression of induction of sterol synthesis-also occurred to a limited extent in lymphocytes from FH homozygotes. However, the FH lymphocytes, but not the normal cells, could be made resistant to this action of LDL by inclusion in the incubation medium of lipoprotein-deficient serum (30 percent, vol/vol) plus HDL (1 mg protein/ml). Considered together with previous data demonstrating a deficiency of LDL receptors in freshly isolated lymphocytes from FH homozygotes, the current studies provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the interaction of plasma LDL with its cell surface receptor serves to regulate cholesterol synthesis in human lymphocytes.     

2-(E)-取代苯亚甲基环戊酮及其Mannich碱盐酸盐类化合物的合成和抗炎、抗癌活性研究

本文设计,合成了2-(E)-取代苯亚甲基环戊酮(Ⅰ)类化合物18个及其Mannich碱盐酸盐(Ⅱ)类化合物11个,其中22个为新化合物。初步药理结果显示:对于角叉菜胶诱发的大鼠足趾水肿,Ⅰ_4,Ⅰ_(12)及Ⅰ_(13)口服有较显著的抑制作用,水溶性Ⅱ类化合物皮下注射有极强的抑制作用,其中Ⅱ_3于50,25和12.5 mg/kg剂量下抑制率分别为95.8%,70.3%和44.2%,它与布洛芬效力(25 mg/bg抑制率72.9%)相当.Ⅱ类化合物体外对L1210细胞及体内对荷艾氏腹水癌小鼠均有一定抗癌活性。     

烧伤再生医学与疗法在马来西亚的临床应用

目的:探讨烧伤再生疗法(BRT)和湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗烧伤的临床效果.方法:该试验为前瞻性、单一中心临床研究,研究对象为2009年9月和2010年3月间筛选的10名年龄在3个月至75岁之间的浅Ⅱ度～Ⅲ度烧伤患者,全程采用BRT和MEBO治疗,观察记录创而75%愈合时间、创面100%愈合时间、创面感染率、疼痛指数、平均住院时间、过敏反应率,并拍摄照片进行治疗前后的对比观察.结果:创面75%和100%愈合的平均时间分别为27.3天和59.0天;换药时的平均疼痛指数为4;住院时间最短9天,最长151天,平均住院时间为57.1天;细菌感染率为10%;没有发现过敏反应.结论:在本研究中,有些创面本是需要接受植皮手术的,但是经MEBO继续治疗4周～6周后能够成功实现上皮化再生愈合.因此,MEBO治疗烧伤的有效性毋庸置疑.     

老年肾病综合征28例

1 临床资料 2002/2004年行肾活检的老年(≥60岁)住院肾病综合征患者28(男19,女9)例,按WHO标准进行病理学分类(表1).全部病例给予强的松每日1 mg/kg,晨顿服,8～12 wk后渐减量至最小量维持治疗.9例患者因激素反应欠佳而加用环磷酰胺治疗.完全缓解: 水肿消退,24 h尿蛋白＜300 mg;部分缓解: 水肿消退,24 h尿蛋白300～1500 mg;无效: 临床征状改善或无改善,肾功能恶化(表1,2).