八种抗癫痫药物对小鼠马桑内酯惊厥、电惊厥的作用比较及对学习记忆的影响

用两种惊厥模型,通过跳台法和避暗法观察了临床常用的几种抗癲痫药抗惊厥作用,以及对学习记忆的影响。结果表明:对抗马桑内酯惊厥,以硝基安定和氯硝基安定效果最好,苯巴比妥及丙戊酸钠次之,酰胺咪嗪和芹菜甲素无效,而苯妥英钠及抗痫灵则能加重惊厥;在电惊厥模型中,以苯妥英钠和苯巴比妥效果最佳,丙戊酸钠及酰胺咪嗪次之,其它药物无效;除芹菜甲素外,其余七种药物均能削弱记忆获得。硝基安定和氯硝基安定可保护马桑内酯惊厥对记忆的损害,而硝基安定能加重电惊厥对记忆的损害。     

HPLC-MAXPLOT UV检测法测定血清中丹那唑及其代谢产物

本文建立了同时测定人体血清中丹那唑(Ⅰ)及其主要代谢产物2-羟甲基妊娠素(Ⅱ)和其它代谢产物妊娠素(Ⅲ)的高效液相色谱法。方法用YWG C18柱并以甲醇—水(74:26)作为流动相,应用紫外最大吸收作图法(maxplot)检测技术,以UV 285,240nm分别测定Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ。使原型药和代谢产物都达到较高检测灵敏度。同时对方法的专一性、准确性和精密度等方面进行了评价,并应用于临床监测。     

青花椒化学成分的研究

自青花椒(Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb et Zucc)的果皮中分离出五个化合物。经鉴定化合物Ⅰ为香柑内酯(bergamten),Ⅱ为伞形花内酯(umbelliferone)Ⅲ为茵芋碱(skimmianine),Ⅳ为N-甲基-2-庚基-4-啉酮(N-methyl-2-heptyl-4-quinolone)。Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ均为首次从本植物中分出,Ⅳ是从植物中得到的新化合物,命名为青花椒碱(scllinifoline),结晶Ⅴ的结构待定。青花椒碱经药理试验,表明有选择性抑菌作用,对革兰氏阳性菌抑制作用较强。     

Homocysteine, B vitamins, and vascular-access thrombosis in patients treated with hemodialysis

To evaluate whether increased plasma homocysteine concentrations (hyperhomocysteinemia) are associated with thrombosis of arteriovenous (AV) grafts, we determined plasma homocysteine, plasma and erythrocyte folate, plasma vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate [PLP]) in 48 patients (45 black patients and three white patients) with end-stage renal disease who received hemodialysis. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes were also analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, including a thrombosis-prone group with frequent graft loss (n = 24) and a control group with prolonged graft survival who were matched by age and duration of dialysis (n = 24). Hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 micromol/L) was found in 42 patients. There were no significant differences in all values, including the concentrations of homocysteine and vitamins between the two groups. Based on plasma folate and PLP concentrations, over 70% of patients appeared to have inadequate folate and/or vitamin B6 nutriture. Plasma homocysteine concentrations showed significant negative correlations with plasma and erythrocyte folate, and plasma vitamin B12 in all patients combined, whereas no significant correlation was found between plasma PLP and homocysteine concentrations. Among 48 patients, the heterozygous mutation (Val/Ala) of MTHFR was found only in three patients, two of whom belonged to the thrombosis-prone group and one to the control group, and there were no individuals with homozygous thermolabile mutation (Val/Val). All three white patients had Ala/Ala genotype, and 3 in 45 black patients (6.7%) were heterozygotes (Val/Ala).     

Behavioural Surveillance Survey Among Troops in a Large Military Station

A cross sectional survey was carried out among the troops located in a large cantonment using the UNAIDS standard survey questionnaire (UN Best Practice Collection) for Behavioural Surveillance Survey (BSS). A total of 556 randomly selected recruits and soldiers were administered the questionnaire. The median age at first sexual encounter was 25 years for service personnel and 18 years for recruits. 5.5% of the recruits and 1.7% of regular soldiers reported having regular sexual partners other than spouse. Among those who had casual sex 46.3% reported using condoms. 52.3% were aware about the two main preventive indicators. Some incorrect beliefs regarding transmission of HIV/AIDS were also present among some of the respondents. The findings have been discussed in relation to previous studies.Key Words: AIDS, Behavioral Surveillance Survey, HIV, Troops