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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of maternal beliefs about the therapeutic uses of sunlight in infancy in tropical Australia. METHODOLOGY: Data were collected by interviewing 114 post-partum patients in Townsville (19 degrees 16'S), Queensland. Each woman was asked a series of open-ended and set-response questions about ancestry, pigmentation, residential history, parity, maternal and paternal education, and beliefs regarding the reputed therapeutic uses of sunlight. RESULTS: Half of the women had at least one risky belief about the perceived benefits of sunning their baby. Thirty-six per cent were in favour of using sunlight to treat neonatal jaundice; 20.2% believed it was necessary to intentionally sun their baby to prevent vitamin D deficiency; and 10.5% thought sunlight was a good remedy for nappy rash. Independent predictors of one or more of these beliefs included maternal age and education level, and having another child that had been treated for jaundice. Forty per cent of multiparous women had sunned a child to treat neonatal jaundice. In most cases, advice to mothers to sun their baby had been given by a midwife/nurse (41% or a doctor/paediatrician (28%). CONCLUSIONS: Post-parturient women had a high prevalence of beliefs that may result in their infant being intentionally exposed to sunlight, and which could increase their child's future risk of skin neoplasia. Midwives and doctors, including paediatricians, were identified as the major professional sources of these beliefs. Professional education is needed to change the beliefs of health professionals who recommend therapies involving sunlight. 相似文献
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Prognostic importance of chromosome number in 136 untreated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Williams DL; Tsiatis A; Brodeur GM; Look AT; Melvin SL; Bowman WP; Kalwinsky DK; Rivera G; Dahl GV 《Blood》1982,60(4):864-871
Leukemia cell karyotypes were determined at diagnosis for 136 of 159 consecutive patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were followed for up to 35 mo. Ninety patients (67%) had abnormal karyotypes. Five chromosome categories were designated, based on the distribution of modal numbers: hyperdiploid greater than 50 (n = 41), hyperdiploid 47-50 (n = 18), pseudodiploid (n = 28), normal (n = 46), and hypodiploid (n = 3). Treatment response was assessed for the categories in terms of time to failure (induction failure, first relapse, or death). Children in the hyperdiploid greater than 50 category had the best responses to treatment, with only 2 failures, and those in the pseudodiploid category had the poorest (p less than 0.001). The remaining 3 chromosome categories had intermediate responses and formed a third prognostic group. This same influence of chromosome number on time to failure was evident within the 2 clinical prognostic groups: high risk, signified by a leukocyte count greater than 100 X 10(9)/liter, meningeal leukemia, mediastinal mass, or the presence of blasts that formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 37 degrees C, and standard risk, indicated by the absence of these features. The influence of chromosome number on time to failure was also the same within the historically favorable prognostic group that had common ALL. Results of a multivariate analysis indicated that chromosome number was the strongest single predictor of outcome (p less than 0.001) and was the only variable that added significant prognostic information to leukocyte count (p less than 0.001). The combination of chromosome number and leukocyte count should more clearly distinguish patients with ALL at low or high risk of relapse. 相似文献
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The athlete burnout syndrome: possible early signs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Burnout has been identified as a concern in elite sport. The aim of the current study was to examine relationships among proposed early signs and the athlete burnout syndrome. Quantitative methods (i.e., questionnaire) were used to identify the level of burnout and perceptions of proposed early signs among New Zealand male semi- and fully-professional Rugby Union players (n = 199) aged 19 to 33 years (M = 25.19, SD = 2.98). Results indicated significant associations among proposed early signs and athlete burnout. Perceptions of adequate social support, competence and perceptions of control were negatively correlated with key characteristics of burnout. Perceived rugby and money hassles were positively correlated with key characteristics of burnout. This research provides support for the proposed early signs of burnout. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the nature of the relationship between these early signs and the burnout syndrome. 相似文献