酶标仪性能评价与鉴定的基本方法及其初步应用

酶标仪性能评价与鉴定的基本方法及其初步应用成军孙关忠郑怀竞李早荣倪方荣表１滤光片波长精度检查滤光片波长（ｎｍ）标定值４０５．０４５０．０４９０．０５４０．０５５０．０５８５．０６２０．０６５５．０实测值４０４．８４４８．２４８９．１５４０．３５４９．...     

广东东莞地区中老年非暴力性骨折107例及无骨折求诊者392例超声骨密度测定

目的:应用超声骨密度/骨质量测量仪对东莞地区中老年非暴力性骨折患者进行检测,探讨各参数的变化规律及临床意义,并确立骨折的骨密度阈值。方法:①实验对象:选择2003-09/2006-08在东莞石龙人民医院进行超声骨密度测定的非暴力性骨折东莞地区中老年患者107例,男30例,女77例;同期同龄进行超声骨密度测定的无骨折求诊者392例,作为对照组,男83例,女309例。②实验分组:根据年龄分为3个时期:46～60岁为老年前期、61～75岁为老年期、76岁以上为高龄期,以及相应男女组及骨折与非骨折组。③实验方法:采用法国DMS公司UBIS5000型超声骨密度/骨质量测量仪对中老年非暴力性骨折者、无骨折就诊者进行超声骨密度测量。④实验评估:比较两组男女及不同年龄段超声振幅衰减平均值、超声传播速度、骨硬度指数、T值(代表患者测量值如超声振幅衰减平均值和20岁正常人的测量值之间的差异)、Z值(代表患者测量值如超声振幅衰减平均值和同龄正常人的测量值之间的差异)。结果:两组499例患者全部进入结果分析。①总体比较:男、女性骨折组与非骨折组比较,除超声传播速度差别无统计学意义外(P>0.05),其余指标(超声振幅衰减、骨硬度指数、T值、Z值)非骨折组高于骨折组(P<0.01)。②分年龄组比较:老年前期组与总体一致,老年组、高龄组主要指标无统计学意义。应用方差分析对女性骨折组各年龄组之间进行比较,除骨硬度指数外(P<0.05),其余指标差异无显著性;男性骨折组各年龄组之间比较得出与女性一样结果。③男性与女性骨折组比较:除T值男性组高于女性组外(P<0.01),其余指标(超声振幅衰减、超声传播速度、骨硬度指数、Z值)差异均无统计学意义。结论:①中老年人群骨质下降至一定程度(相应测量参数为骨折阈值)时容易发生脆性骨折。②致脆性骨折的骨质量条件与性别、年龄因素无明显相关性。③东莞地区步入老年期后不论男女骨质疏松现象相当普遍,是否会出现骨折关键在于有否外力作用,对其预防性诊断很有价值。     

Spine2000脊柱三维运动分析系统评估腰椎椎弓崩裂后4种植人体内固定的生物力学

目的：目前对TSRH内固定系统重新组合成钩钉系统还缺少相关的生物力学方面的比较及研究。实验对腰椎椎弓崩裂直接修复的4种内固定方法进行生物力学比较。方法：实验于2003-9/10在南方医科大学（原解放军第一军医大学）生物力学实验室完成。①实验材料：选用雄性健康小牛8具（上海市南汇区光明乳业特种屠宰场提供）,实验符合动物伦理学要求,常规方法处死后截取L2～6脊柱标本。②实验分组及过程：正常标本作为对照组,然后制成L4双侧椎弓崩裂模型,分别以改良Scott法（内固定由通用公司提供）、钩螺钉法（为枢法模公司提供TSRH的重新匹配）、钉杆法（由枢法模公司提供）和Buck螺钉法（德国确卓公司提供）固定。③实验评估：通过计算机扫描观察L3～4及L4～5的活动范围。结果：4种内固定固定后脊柱稳定性均能得到有效恢复（P〉0.05）,但钩螺钉法、钉杆法和Buck钉固定法在提高屈曲稳定性方面优于改良Scott法（P〈0.05）;在旋转或侧弯状态,4种固定方法间差异都无显著性（P〉0.05）。但是,从均值比较来看,钩螺钉法、钉杆法在抗旋转不稳方面要优于改良Scott法和Buck钉法。结论：改良Scott法、钩螺钉法、钉杆法和Buck螺钉法内固定方式均能有效恢复失稳脊柱的稳定性,但钩螺钉法、钩钉法在维持脊柱稳定性方面更具优势,且操作简单、易行、安全有效,是较理想的直接修复内固定器。     

Non-stationary pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine during continuous interpleural infusion

The study presented here was undertaken to assess the time-associated changes in disposition of bupivacaine during continuous interpleural infusion. Seven female patients undergoing open cholecystectomy received a continuous interpleural infusion of bupivacaine (25 mg/hr) for 72 hours after an initial bolus dose of 50 mg. Blood concentrations of bupivacaine (determined by gas chromatography) at defined time intervals were then modelled using a two-compartment model. Peak blood concentrations of 1.68 μg/ml (range 0.97 to 2.49 μg/ml) were measured in all patients at 48 hours and then declined significantly over the subsequent 24 hours. This was paralleled by a significant apparent increase in clearance. Therefore, we could not confirm the widely postulated accumulation of bupivacaine over long-term infusion; on the contrary we found non-stationary kinetics with decreasing concentrations and increasing clearance over 72 hours, explicable either by changes in hepatic clearance or alteration in protein binding.     

Plasma exchange does not improve survival in a canine model of human septic shock

Whether plasma exchange would improve survival in antibiotic-treated canines with septic shock was investigated. Escherichia coli O86H8 (1.4 × 10(10)) was surgically implanted as an intraperitoneal clot in 18 two- year-old (10-12 kg) purpose-bred beagles. Beginning 4 hours after surgery, all animals received cefoxitin and gentamicin for 5 days. Three treatment groups were defined: 1) a no apheresis, or control group, (n = 6); 2) a sham apheresis group, whose whole blood plasma was removed, separated, and then transfused (n = 6); and 3) a plasma exchange group from whom blood and plasma were removed and separated, to whom the blood was returned, and in whom infected plasma was replaced with compatible fresh-frozen canine plasma (n = 6). For the sham apheresis and plasma exchange groups, a commercial blood cell processor was used to separate 1.5 blood volumes of plasma at 5 and 24 hours after surgery. Serial radionuclide left ventricular ejection fractions and femoral and pulmonary arterial catheter hemodynamics were measured simultaneously in awake animals. All six animals in the plasma exchange group died. In both the sham and control groups, only one of six animals survived. Survival times were ordered (median in hours) (control [372 h] > sham apheresis [48 h] > plasma exchange [24 h] [p < 0.038]). Decreases in mean cardiac index and mean arterial pressure (from before apheresis to after) at 5 to 7 hours after surgery were ordered (plasma exchange > sham apheresis > control; p < 0.03). Thus, plasma exchange in this controlled trial of septic shock was associated with decreased survival and worsened hemodynamics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

LIVER RESECTION FOR METASTASES FROM COLORECTAL CANCER

Five percent of patients with liver secondaries from colorectal carcinoma are potentially resectable and several studies have demonstrated significantly improved survival following resection. Two hundred and ten patients operated for colorectal carcinoma were followed up. Computed tomography confirmed potentially resectable metastasis to the liver in 38. On exploration 18 patients who had 4 or less hepatic metastases and no extrahepatic disease, underwent resection of their secondaries. Fourteen were males and 4 females with a mean age of 43.5 (SD 13.6, range 18-72) years. Ten patients presented with synchronous liver metastasis and 8 had metachronous disease. There was no post-operative mortality. All 18 have been followed up. for a median period of 23.5 (range 12-38) months. Seven patients are alive and well with no evidence of recurrence at a median period of 28 months (survival 39%). Four are alive with local recurrence in the liver. Median time to recurrence was 22 months. Seven patients have died of disseminated disease. The disease free survival at 28 months is 39% and the overall survival 61%. A close follow-up protocol for all patient undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer is essential, if such patients are to be selected early.KEY WORDS: Colorectal cancer, Liver resection, Metastases     

PAROTOID TUMOURS: A STUDY OF 65 CASES

Sixty five patients who had undergone surgery for parotid tumours over a period of nine years were studied retrospectively. There were 45 males and 20 females. There were 49 benign and 16 malignant tumours. Age ranged 35-69 years; mean 47 years. Pain (6%) and facial palsy (3%) were unusual features. Size of tumour at presentation varied from 1.5 to 12 cm. Superficial parotidectomy was the commonest operation performed and Total/Radical/Extended parotidectomy was done in selected cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was used in six cases. No recurrences were noted following surgery for benign tumours. However a local recurrence rate of 37% was found for malignancies (6/16 cases). This paper aims to review the experience of managing these tumours in the setting of service hospitals.KEY WORDS: Carcinoma parotid, Parotid tumour, Pleomorphic adenoma     

表面活性剂用于黄酮药物的薄层色谱分离鉴定的研究

The micellar thin layer chromatographic behaviours of rutin, quercetin and morin were studied. The methods of separation and identification were established: Polyamide thin coating was used as the stationary phase and 4% Zeph--acetylacetone--H2O (5:1.5:1.5) used as the mobile phase. The method was applied to the separation and identification of quercetin and rutin in samples of Sophorae flos and satisfactory result was obtained.