Efficacy of various methods of confidential unit exclusion in identifying potentially infectious blood donations

To determine the efficacy of various methods of confidential unit exclusion (CUE) among donors at increased risk of HIV exposure, we surveyed AABB institutional members on their experience with 3 CUE methods: ballot or barcode, completed at the time of donation, and call-back, performed by the donor after leaving the donor center. From June 1985 to December 1987, 5,049,883 donations at 48 donor centers were evaluable for analysis. The results of this survey suggest that ballot and barcode methods of CUE are important adjuncts to other donor screening procedures in identifying potentially infectious units, and that both of these methods are superior to the call-back system of unit exclusion.     

Bulk cryopreservation of lymphocytes in glycerol

The authors describe a method for freezing large amounts of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in a 20 percent glycerol solution. Between 0.6 and 4.3 X 10(9) cells in autologous plasma were frozen in polyethylene freezing bags in a final volume of 50 ml. The recovery after thawing averaged 89 +/- 14 percent with a mean viability by trypan blue dye exclusion of 80 +/- 7 percent (n = 11). In aliquots of fresh and frozen-thawed PBL from the same subjects radiolabeled with 111In, the radiolabeling efficiency for both fresh and thawed cells was 49 +/- 15 percent (p = 0.98, n = 5). The mitogen mean stimulation indices for glycerol-frozen cells (471 with phytohemagglutinin-M, 176 with pokeweed mitogen, and 380 with concanavalin A) were superior to those of cells frozen by a standard technique with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (141, 47, and 123; p less than 0.05) and comparable to those of fresh PBL (403, 75, and 147). In a mixed lymphocyte culture, glycerol-frozen PBL showed significantly greater responsiveness to a pool of stimulator cells than did PBL frozen in DMSO (p = 0.03). Thawed cells are viable and functional as demonstrated by their response to mitogens and their ability to stimulate and respond in mixed lymphocyte culture.     

Protective effect of blood transfusions on postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease in parous women

BACKGROUND: Perioperative blood transfusion (BT) appeared to have adverse effects on survival after surgery for malignant tumors while pretransplantation BT suppressed allograft rejection. Interest grew in the effect of BT on postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine the effect of perioperative BT on the recurrence of Crohn's disease after primary surgery, the medical histories of 148 patients with Crohn's disease, 62 males and 86 females (49 nonparous and 37 parous), were reviewed. Eighty-seven patients received perioperative BT. RESULTS: Overall, perioperative BT showed no effect on recurrence. Patients with Crohn's disease limited to the ileum had a better prognosis with regard to recurrence than did patients with Crohn's disease located in the colon or located in both ileum and colon, but the difference was not significant. Perioperative transfusion seemed to protect against recurrent disease after colon resection, which might be explained by the fact that colon resections, which often necessitate perioperative BT, generally result in a shorter bowel segment at risk for recurrent disease. Overall, parous women showed a worse prognosis than nonparous females and men (p = 0.022). Transfusions had a beneficial effect in parous women (p = 0.068) and, after correction for type of operation, this beneficial effect was significant (p = 0.026). After perioperative BT, parous women had a similar prognosis with respect to recurrent Crohn's disease as nonparous females and men. CONCLUSION: Perioperative BT has a beneficial effect on the postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease in parous women.     

携载人重组骨形态形成蛋白2及脂肪基质细胞的仿生骨膜构建及强化兔桡骨的再生能力

目的:从仿生学角度出发,首次将脂肪基质细胞、人重组骨形态形成蛋白2、壳聚糖/胶原蛋白/β磷酸三钙膜材基质有机的结合,体外构建仿生骨膜,探讨仿生骨膜修复兔桡骨缺损的可行性,分析其生物相容性及骨再生特点。方法:实验于2005-05/2006-11分别在新加坡国立大学组织工程研究中心、天津医科大学完成。材料制备:成骨诱导化培养兔脂肪①基质细胞、制备释放人重组骨形态形成蛋白2的壳聚糖/胶原蛋白/β磷酸三钙膜材基质,联合生物凝胶 动态种植,三维方式构建仿生骨膜。②实验动物:72只新西兰兔随机分为3组:移植仿生骨膜组,移植诱导骨膜组,空白支架组。③实验方法:建立兔右侧桡骨10mm骨缺损模型,将制备的携载人重组骨形态形成蛋白2及脂肪基质细胞的仿生骨膜、携载人重组骨形态形成蛋白2的诱导骨膜、壳聚糖/胶原蛋白/β磷酸三钙膜材支架分别移植到各组骨缺损区域。④实验评估:术后第2,4,6,8,10,12周观察桡骨移植区域,了解新骨生长及重建情况。苏木精-伊红染色及Masson染色,观察骨组织修复情况。免疫组织化学观察骨形态形成蛋白的表达。双能X射线吸收法测量骨矿物含量、骨密度值。术后第12周,生物力学测试检查骨结构强度力学指标和刚度指标。结果:72只新西兰兔均进入结果分析。①大体观察显示:仿生骨膜组第6周有大量新生骨痂,第12周呈现骨性连接;诱导骨膜组骨质仅部分连接;空白支架组部分骨痂呈向心性生长。②组织学观察情况:仿生骨膜组第6周存在膜内成骨为主的大量新骨,第12周,恢复正常骨结构;诱导骨膜组存在软骨内成骨为主的新骨,第12周,缺损基本修复;空白支架组部分板层骨形成;各组均未见炎性及免疫排斥反应。③免疫组织化学观察:仿生骨膜组增生骨内膜、骨痂骨细胞、骨髓腔骨形态发生蛋白表达显著;诱导骨膜组软骨基质及部分骨膜出现骨形态发生蛋白表达;空白支架组仅软骨基质骨形态发生蛋白表达。④双能X射线吸收法检测:仿生骨膜组骨矿物含量、骨密度值均高于诱导骨膜组及空白支架组(P<0.05)。⑤生物力学测试:与诱导骨膜组、空白支架组相比,仿生骨膜组最大弯曲负荷及抗弯刚度显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:体外构建的仿生骨膜能有效的修复骨缺损,其生物相容性良好,通过协同诱导、引导、传导效应,增强骨再生能力,促进缺损修复。     

重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子关节腔注射预防骨关节炎软骨退行性变

目的:验证重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子关节腔内注射对兔实验性早中期骨关节炎软骨退行性变的防治作用。方法:实验于2005-10/2006-04在暨南大学附属第一医院中心实验室完成。选用健康新西兰大白兔30只,切断膝关节前、后交叉韧带建立兔骨关节炎模型后,按随机数字表法分为3组,空白组、透明质酸钠组和重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子组。重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子组术后第8周起于手术侧膝关节腔内注射人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子8000IU/(只·周),透明质酸钠组关节腔内注射透明质酸钠1mL/(只·周)。空白组不进行干预。术后第16周空气栓塞法处死动物,大体观察及手术显微镜下观察软骨表面分级;取股骨髁负重面软骨标本进行苏木精-伊红、沙黄染色及骨关节炎组织病理学评分(正常为0～1,重度为10分以上)、分级。结果:30只动物全部进入结果分析。①重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子组和透明质酸钠组标本股骨髁负重软骨有轻度粗糙,关节软骨可见浅表溃疡形成。空白组标本股骨髁负重面软骨有轻～中度溃疡形成。②3组动物关节软骨表面分级差异有显著性意义(χ2=22.97,P=0.000)。③3组动物骨关节炎软骨的组织病理学分级差异有显著性意义(χ2=16.84,P=0.005),透明质酸钠组和重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子组的骨关节炎组织病理学评分均显著低于空白组(P<0.05)。结论:关节腔注射重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子可以较好的延缓兔膝骨关节炎软骨退行性变和预防骨关节炎的发展。