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21.
T. Maishman H. Sheikh P. Boger J. Kelly K. Cozens A. Bateman S. Davies M. Fay D. Sharland A. Jackson 《Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))》2021,33(5):e225-e231
AimsSelf-expanding metal stents provide rapid improvement of dysphagia in oesophageal cancer but are associated with complications. The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of an alternative treatment of combining biodegradable stents with radiotherapy.Materials and methodsA Simon two-stage single-arm prospective phase II trial design was used to determine the efficacy of biodegradable stents plus radiotherapy in patients with dysphagia caused by oesophagus cancer who were unsuitable for radical treatment. Fourteen patients were recruited and data from 12 were included in the final analyses.ResultsFive of 12 patients met the primary end point: one stent-related patient death; four further interventions for dysphagia within 16 weeks of stenting (41.7%, 95% confidence interval 15.2–72.3%). The median time to a 10-point deterioration of quality of life was 2.7 weeks. Nine patients died within 52 weeks of registration. The median time to death from any cause was 15.0 weeks (95% confidence interval 9.6–not reached).ConclusionThe high re-intervention observed, which met the pre-defined early stopping criteria, meant that the suggested alternative treatment was not sufficiently effective to be considered for a larger scale trial design. Further work is needed to define the place of biodegradable stents in the management of malignant oesophageal strictures. 相似文献
22.
Daniel J. Snyder Thomas R. Kroshus Aakash Keswani Evan B. Garden Karl M. Koenig Kevin J. Bozic David S. Jevsevar Jashvant Poeran Calin S. Moucha 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2019,34(4):613-618
Background
Nursing Home Compare (NHC) ratings, created and maintained by Medicare, are used by both hospitals and consumers to aid in the skilled nursing facility (SNF) selection process. To date, no studies have linked NHC ratings to actual episode-based outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether NHC ratings are valid predictors of 90-day complications, readmission, and bundle costs for patients discharged to an SNF after primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA).Methods
All SNF-discharged primary TJA cases in 2017 at a multihospital academic health system were queried. Demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables were manually extracted from the health record. Medicare NHC ratings were then collected for each SNF. For patients in the Medicare bundle, postacute and total bundle cost was extracted from claims.Results
Four hundred eighty-eight patients were discharged to a total of 105 unique SNFs. In multivariate analysis, overall NHC rating was not predictive of 90-day readmission/major complications, >75th percentile postacute cost, or 90-day bundle cost exceeding the target price. SNF health inspection and quality measure ratings were also not predictive of 90-day readmission/major complications or bundle performance. A higher SNF staffing rating was independently associated with a decreased odds for >75th percentile 90-day postacute spend (odds ratio, 0.58; P = .01) and a 90-day bundle cost exceeding the target price (odds ratio = 0.69; P = .02) but was similarly not predictive of 90-day readmission/complications.Conclusion
Results of our study suggest that Medicare's NHC tool is not a useful predictor of 90-day costs, complications, or readmissions for SNFs within our health system. 相似文献23.
24.
Umesh Wadgave Mahesh R. Khairnar Tanvi S. Kadu Yogesh Wadgave 《Acta odontologica Scandinavica》2019,77(3):181-183
Introduction: Significance testing for comparison of the baseline differences between the intervention arms has received a strong condemnation. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the baseline characteristics between intervention groups using significance tests in top ten impact factor dental journals.Materials and methods: RCTs published in 10 high impact factor dental journals were searched in PubMed database. Literature search was limited to time duration of 5 years from September 2012 to August 2017.Results: We analysed 521 RCTs after excluding 47 non-RCT articles from the total of 568 articles. Baseline demographic characteristics table was not reported in 45.9% of the RCTs and 26.2% of the RCTs did not report table of baseline clinical characteristics. In 38.9% of the studies, significance testing was employed to compare baseline differences between the intervention arms.Conclusions: Many trials published in the reputed dental journals failed to follow the recommendations of CONSORT statement regarding reporting of baseline tables and avoiding comparison of baseline differences with significance test. 相似文献
25.
B. Kowall N. Lehmann A.A. Mahabadi S. Moebus R. Erbel K.H. Jöckel A. Stang 《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2019,29(3):228-235
Background and aims
There is controversy on the potentially benign nature of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), i.e., obese persons with few or no metabolic abnormalities. So far, associations between MHO and coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, have mainly been studied cross-sectionally in Asian populations. We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal MHO CAC associations in a Caucasian population.Methods and results
In the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based cohort study in Germany, CAC was assessed by electron-beam tomography at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. For cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, we included 1585 participants free of coronary heart disease at baseline, with CAC measurements at baseline and at follow-up, and with either normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2) at baseline. We used four definitions of MHO. In our main analysis, we defined obese persons as metabolically healthy if they met ≤1 of the NCEP ATP III criteria for the definition of the metabolic syndrome – waist circumference was not taken into account because of collinearity with BMI.Persons with MHO had a higher prevalence of CAC than metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) persons (prevalence ratio = 1.59 (95% confidence interval 1.38–1.84) for the main analysis). Persons with MHO had slightly larger odds of CAC progression than persons with MHNW (odds ratios ranged from 1.17 (0.69–1.99) to 1.48 (1.02–2.13) depending on MHO definition and statistical approach).Conclusion
Our analyses on MHO CAC associations add to the evidence that MHO is not a purely benign health condition. 相似文献26.
27.
Sabita Jiwnani Priya Ranganathan Vijaya Patil Vandana Agarwal George Karimundackal C.S. Pramesh 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2019,157(1):380-386
Objectives
Post-thoracotomy pain leads to patient discomfort, pulmonary complications, and increased analgesic use. Intercostal nerve injury during thoracotomy or its entrapment during closure can contribute to post-thoracotomy pain. We hypothesized that a modified technique of posterolateral thoracotomy and closure, preserving the intercostal neurovascular bundle, would reduce acute and chronic post-thoracotomy pain.Methods
We randomized 90 patients undergoing posterolateral thoracotomy for pulmonary resection at a tertiary level oncology center to standard posterolateral (control arm) or modified nerve-sparing thoracotomy. All patients received morphine via patient-controlled analgesia pumps. The primary outcome was the worst postoperative pain score in the first 3 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes included the average pain score and analgesic requirements in the first 3 postoperative days and the incidence of post-thoracotomy pain 6 months after surgery.Results
No significant differences were seen between the groups in acute or chronic post-thoracotomy measured by the numeric rating scale. There was no difference seen in the worst (mean) postoperative pain scores (3.71 vs 3.83, difference 0.12; 99% confidence interval [CI], ?0.7 to +0.9; P = .7), average (mean) pain scores in the first 3 postoperative days (1.77 vs 1.85, difference 0.08; 99% CI, ?0.4 to +0.6; P = .69), mean consumption of morphine (mg/kg) (1.45 vs 1.40, difference ?0.05; 99% CI, ?0.4 to +0.3; P = .73), or incidence of chronic postoperative pain (37.8% vs 40%, difference 4.9%; 99% CI, ?22.8 to +30.7%; P = .73).Conclusions
The modified nerve-sparing thoracotomy technique does not reduce post-thoracotomy pain compared with standard posterolateral thoracotomy. 相似文献28.
Bo Yang Elizabeth L. Norton Terry Shih Linda Farhat Xiaoting Wu Whitney E. Hornsby Karen M. Kim Himanshu J. Patel G. Michael Deeb 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2019,157(4):1313-1321.e2
Objective
To compare perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemiarch and aggressive arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).Methods
From 1996 to 2017, we compared outcomes of hemiarch (n = 322) versus aggressive arch replacements (zones 2 and 3 arch replacement with implantation of 2-4 arch branches, n = 150) in ATAAD. Indications for aggressive arch were arch aneurysm >4 cm or intimal tear in the aortic arch that was not resectable by hemiarch replacement, or dissection of arch branches with malperfusion.Results
Patients in the aggressive arch group were significantly younger (mean age: 57 vs 61 years old) and had significantly longer hypothermic circulatory arrest, cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic crossclamp times. There were no significant differences in perioperative outcomes between hemiarch and aggressive arch groups, including 30-day mortality (5.3% vs 7.3%, P = .38) and postoperative stroke rate (7% vs 7%, P = .96). Over 15 years, Kaplan–Meier survival was similar between hemiarch and aggressive arch groups (log-rank P = .55, 10-year survival 70% vs 72%). Given death as a competing factor, incidence rates of reoperation over 15 years (2.1% vs 2.0% per year, P = 1) and 10-year cumulative incidence of reoperation (14% vs 12%, P = .89) for arch and distal aorta pathology were similar between the 2 groups.Conclusions
Both hemiarch and aggressive arch replacement are appropriate approaches for select patients with ATAAD. Aggressive arch replacement should be considered for an arch aneurysm >4 cm or an intimal tear at the arch unable to be resected by hemiarch replacement, or dissection of the arch branches with malperfusion. 相似文献29.
30.