Effect of olive cultivar on bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of phenolic fraction of virgin olive oil

Aim

This study aims to characterize the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of seven monovarietal virgin olive oils (VOOs) and evaluate their in vitro gastrointestinal stability.

Methods

‘Picual’, ‘Blanqueta’, ‘Sevillana’, ‘Habichuelero’, and ‘Chetoui’ olive cultivars were selected for VOO extraction. The oils were subjected to in vitro digestion. The recovery index (RI) of phenolic compounds after each digestion step and the bioaccessibility index (BI) were evaluated. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the bioaccessible fraction (BF) of VOOs was determined by DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays, as well as by studying the intracellular reactive oxygen species in Caco-2 cells.

Results

Differences were found in the composition of phenolic compounds in VOOs depending on cultivars. During the digestive process, important losses of phenolic compounds were observed between the buccal and duodenal steps, unlike HTy and Ty, which presented increased recovery due to the hydrolysis of secoiridoid derivatives. Differences in the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds were found between varieties of VOOs. ‘Sevillana’ VOO had the highest total bioaccessibility (36%), followed by the ‘Picual’ (19%), ‘Chetoui’ (17%), ‘Habichuelero’ (10%), and ‘Blanqueta’ (8%) varieties. The BF of all the varieties of VOO showed similar radical ABTS scavenging capacity, ‘Chetoui’, and ‘Blanqueta’-BF having the highest radical DPPH scavenging capacity, and ‘Habichuelero’ and ‘Picual’-BF showing protective effects against the peroxyl radical measured by ORAC_FL assay. All VOO-BFs presented decreases in ROS levels in Caco-2 cells.

Conclusions

Our results suggest differences in the bioaccessibility of phenolics from diverse VOO varieties, which could lead to different biological properties. Therefore, this study represents a first step toward the development of novel dietary strategies focusing on the phenolic supplementation of different VOOs to preserve human health.

     

Head-to-head comparison between the EQ-5D-5L and the EQ-5D-3L in general population health surveys

Background

The EQ-5D has been frequently used in national health surveys. This study is a head-to-head comparison to assess how expanding the number of levels from three (EQ-5D-3L) to five in the new EQ-5D-5L version has improved its distribution, discriminatory power, and validity in the general population.

Methods

A representative sample (N?=?7554) from the Catalan Health Interview Survey 2011–2012, aged ≥18, answered both EQ-5D versions, and we evaluated the response redistribution and inconsistencies between them. To assess validity of this redistribution, we calculated the mean of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which measures perceived health. The discriminatory power was examined with Shannon Indices, calculated for each dimension separately. Spanish preference value sets were applied to obtain utility indices, examining their distribution with statistics of central tendency and dispersion. We estimated the proportion of individuals reporting the best health state in EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L within groups of specific chronic conditions and their VAS mean.

Results

A very small reduction in the percentage of individuals with the best health state was observed, from 61.8% in EQ-5D-3L to 60.8% in EQ-5D-5L. In contrast, a large proportion of individuals reporting extreme problems in the 3 L version moved to severe problems (level 4) in the 5 L version, particularly for pain/discomfort (75.5%) and anxiety/depression (66.4%). The average proportion of inconsistencies was 0.9%. The pattern of the perceived health VAS mean confirmed the hypothesis established a priori, supporting the validity of the observed redistribution. Shannon index showed that absolute informativity was higher in the 5 L version for all dimensions. The means (SD) of the Spanish EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L indices were 0.87 (0.25) and 0.89 (0.22). The proportion of individuals with the best health state within each specific chronic condition was very similar, regardless of the EQ-5D version (≤?30% in half of the 28 chronic conditions).

Conclusion

Although the proportion of individuals with the best possible health state is still very high, our findings support that the increase of levels provided by the EQ-5D-5L contributed to the validity and discriminatory power of this new version to measure health in general population, as in the national health surveys.

     

A mineral-related feature of young plaque characteristic to periodontitis-affected adults

The calcium concentration of 3-day-old total supragingival plaque in periodontitis-affected adults (n = 12) and their age and sex-matched periodontitis-free pairs was compared. The young plaque of the periodontitis-affected adults contained more calcium per protein (P less than 0.025, sign test) than that of the periodontitis-free pairs. The findings of the present study may suggest that high Ca-content of supragingival plaque is connected to the development of adult periodontitis.     

Analysis of secretion into the saliva of cefoxitin (Mefoxin), imipenem (Tienam) and meropenem (Meronem)

The salivary excretion of cefoxitin (Mefoxin), a second-generation beta-lactam antibiotic of the cefalosporin group, which shows enhanced anti-anaerobic effect was investigated in oral surgery patients. In animal experiments the saliva levels of imipenem (Tienam) and meropenem (Meronem), which also belong to the betalactam carbapenem group were studied. The antibiotics were administered parenterally in single therapeutic doses, then blood samples were taken first after half an hour then hourly, and mixed saliva was collected for 6 hours. Cefoxitin was found to reach top level in the 1st hour, then this level decreased rapidly, and in the 4th hour it was no longer measurable. Out of the carbapenems imipenem showed highest level in the 2nd hour and in the 4th hour its concentration in the saliva was minimal. Meropenem reached a higher level in the saliva (1,5-2 times higher than the serum level) in the 2nd hour after administration, which persisted even in the 6th hour. The experimental results justify the administration of these antibiotics in dentistry and oral surgery.     

Descriptive epidemiological study of personal factors in relation to chronology of tooth eruption

We are made 730 inquirys about mothers to study the age in the teething begin to relationship with personal details. The issue shows a light relation in the advance teething with tall, weight, beginning the walking and female sex, and we have not shown relation with the nursing.     

The application of microscopic surgery in dentistry

The use of the microscope as a tool for practising Medicine, especially in surgical specialisations, has been established for decades. The microscope was first used in OdontologyDentistry back to the 1970s and 1980s, and was introduced more widely (although it was still far from being in general use) during 1990s. The purpose of this article is to describe the main applications of the microscope in OdontologyDentistry today, as well as providing odontologists and stomatologists, whether specialists or in general practice, with information about microscopic OdontologyDentistry for better patient care. This work also gives particular importance to matters needed to achieve the necessary manual dexterity to work in a magnified operating field using a surgical microscope (SM).     

Isolated gingival metastasis from lung carcinoma

Metastases to the gingiva are uncommon. They can be a diagnostic challenge clinically because of their rarity and tendency to mimic benign lesions. We present the case of an undifferentiated small cell lung carcinoma in a 76-year-old man whose left lower gum showed a lesion similar to pyogenic granuloma. Biopsy confirmed gingival metastasis of lung cancer. We make a differential diagnosis of proliferative lesions and metastatic tumors.