山西省六县（市）主要出生缺陷影响因素分析

为了解山西省主要出生缺陷发生率及其影响因素,于2009年11至12月对山西省6个县（市）0～3岁婴幼儿及母亲进行横断面和回顾性调查。六县（市）出生缺陷发生率为134．27／万（493／36716）;前5位出生缺陷排序为先天性心脏病、神经管畸形、唇腭裂、多指（趾）并指（趾）、智力低下,每种出生缺陷的危险因素和保护因素各有不同,其中亲属缺陷儿史、既往缺陷儿史、孕产次多、孕期服解热镇痛药为其共同危险因素。开展孕前指导、危险因素筛查和评估,孕期预防疾病是预防出生缺陷的关键。     

哮喘儿童应用粉尘螨滴剂舌下含服脱敏治疗的随访观察

目的:探讨哮喘儿童应用粉尘螨滴剂舌下含服脱敏治疗的疗效和维持时间。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月至2008年6月皮肤点刺试验尘螨阳性哮喘患儿200例,经家属同意后分为对照组(仅行常规治疗)和脱敏组(在常规治疗基础上舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂),并对其进行28个月的随访观察以判定疗效。结果:与对照组相比,脱敏组治疗1.5～2a有效率高,差异具有统计学意义(χ2分别为23.595和41.512,P<0.001)。随治疗时间延长,脱敏组治疗有效率增加,但1.5a与2a治疗有效率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.253,P=0.133)。结论:舌下脱敏疗法对于尘螨过敏的哮喘患儿有良好的治疗及预防发作效果,且安全可靠,最短治疗时间为1.5a。     

从伦理学角度看灾后重建过程中卫生资源的公平性配置

近年来,地震、泥石流、洪水等重大自然灾害的侵袭,给我国经济和社会发展造成了巨大的损失。在灾后重建工作中,卫生系统占有举足轻重的地位,其核心是卫生资源的重新配置。卫生资源配置的水平和效果直接影响着重建效果和卫生服务水平。效率与公平是卫生资源配置的2个准则,如何在保证配置效率最大化的同时,坚持公平的价值取向和伦理诉求,实现包括健康权利、资源分布和制度保障等方面的公平性目标,需要从伦理学的角度进行深入思考。     

毛细管色谱法测定盐酸米多君中的有机溶剂残留量

目的建立毛细管气相色谱法测定盐酸米多君中的有机溶剂残留量。方法用HP-FFAP毛细管气相色谱柱,FID检测器,以正丙醇为内标进行测定。结果乙醇、乙腈、乙酸的线性范围分别为20～800μg.L-1(r=0.999 9)、1.64～65.6μg.L-1(r=0.999 7)、20～800μg.L-1(r=0.999 5),平均回收率分别为100.2%、99.7%、99.6%,RSD分别为0.74%、1.17%、1.37%(n=9)。结论本方法简单、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于盐酸米多君中有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

岷当归挥发油提取方法及其化学成分研究

目的分析岷当归挥发油的主要化学成分。方法分别采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取岷当归的挥发油,并通过GC-MS技术对其进行分析,面积归一化法测定计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油共鉴定出73种成分,占挥发油总成分的58.99%;超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油共鉴定出25种成分,占挥发油总成分的63.43%,相同成分13种。结论 2种提取方法得到的岷当归挥发油组分与含量差别较大,该实验结果为了解其挥发性成分及进一步开发应用提供依据。     

医院和社区获得性金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性情况调查

目的 了解临床分离的社区获得性和医院获得性金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,为进一步指导临床治疗,更好地控制MRSA引起的感染提供依据.方法 采用K-B纸片扩散法检测金黄色葡萄球菌对不同种类抗生素的敏感性.结果 医院获得性甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(HA-MSSA)对头孢唑啉、庆大霉素和左氧氟沙星的耐药率显著高于社区获得性甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌( CA-MSSA) (P＜0.05);医院获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌( HA-MRSA)对头孢唑啉、红霉素、克林霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星和利福平的耐药率显著高于CA-MSSA和HA- MSSA( P＜0.05);HA- MRSA多重耐药菌株所占的比率为90.4％,显著高于CA-MSSA的20.0％和HA-MSSA的37.4％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 医院获得性金黄色葡萄球菌耐药情况较严重,CA-MSSA和HA-MSSA药物敏感性明显高HA-MRSA,HA-MRSA呈现多重耐药性.     

超声在急性胰腺炎诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨超声对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。方法分析204例急性胰腺炎患者的超声及CT检查结果。结果超声对轻型胰腺炎的检出率低于CT,对胰周和腹腔积液检出率高于CT（P〈0.05）;手术治疗患者中,超声对胰腺组织坏死、脓肿的检出率低于CT（P〈0.05）,对网膜囊积液坏死的检出率与CT比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论超声对急性胰腺炎的诊断准确率较高,某些方面优于CT,二者联合应用对急性胰腺炎的诊断和分型具有很好的价值。     

Factor structure and dimensionality of the two depression scales in STAR*D using level 1 datasets

Background

The factor structure and dimensionality of the HAM-D₁₇ and the IDS-C₃₀ are as yet uncertain, because psychometric analyses of these scales have been performed without a clear separation between factor structure profile and dimensionality (total scores being a sufficient statistic).

Methods

The first treatment step (Level 1) in the STAR*D study provided a dataset of 4041 outpatients with DSM-IV nonpsychotic major depression. The HAM-D₁₇ and IDS-C₃₀ were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) without rotation. Mokken analysis tested the unidimensionality of the IDS-C₆, which corresponds to the unidimensional HAM-D_6.

Results

For both the HAM-D₁₇ and IDS-C₃₀, PCA identified a bi-directional factor contrasting the depressive symptoms versus the neurovegetative symptoms. The HAM-D₆ and the corresponding IDS-C₆ symptoms all emerged in the depression factor. Both the HAM-D₆ and IDS-C₆ were found to be unidimensional scales, i.e., their total scores are each a sufficient statistic for the measurement of depressive states.

Limitations

STAR*D used only one medication in Level 1.

Conclusions

The unidimensional HAM-D₆ and IDS-C₆ should be used when evaluating the pure clinical effect of antidepressive treatment, whereas the multidimensional HAM-D₁₇ and IDS-C₃₀ should be considered when selecting antidepressant treatment.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定宫瘤消片中的砷、镉

目的:测定宫瘤消片中的砷、镉。方法:采用微波消解的制样方法,利用原子荧光光谱法测定了宫瘤消片中镉、砷微量元素的含量。结果:测得2种元素,标准曲线的r>0.9992,回收率为91.5%～97.8%,RSD<5%。结论:本法快速、准确且灵敏度高,为宫瘤消片中重金属含量测定提供了较好的方法,结果满意。     

Common genetic variation in the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase genes and antidepressant treatment outcome in major depressive disorder

The essential amino acid tryptophan is the precursor to serotonin, but it can also be metabolized into kynurenine through indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Increased immune activation has long been associated with symptoms of depression and has been shown to upregulate the expression of IDO. The presence of additional IDO directs more tryptophan down the kynurenine pathway, leaving less available for synthesis of serotonin and its metabolites. Kynurenine can be metabolized through a series of enzymes to quinolinic acid, a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist with demonstrated neurotoxic effects. We tested the hypothesis that IDO plays a role in outcome of treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. Patients consisted of 1953 participants enrolled in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study (STAR*D). Genotypes corresponding to 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes IDO1 and IDO2, which encode IDO and IDO2, were extracted from a larger genome-wide set and analyzed using single marker tests to look for association with previously defined response, remission and QIDS-C score change phenotypes, with adequate correction for racial stratification and multiple testing. One SNP, rs2929115, showed evidence of association with citalopram response (OR = 0.64, p = 0.0005) after experiment-wide correction for multiple testing. Another closely associated marker, rs2929116 (OR = 0.64, p = 0.0006) had an experiment-wide significant result. Both implicated SNPs are located between 26 kb and 28 kb downstream of IDO2. We conclude that common genetic variation in IDO1 and IDO2 may play a role in antidepressant treatment outcome. These results are modest in a genome-wide context and need to be replicated in an independent sample.