大鼠睾丸血管构筑的观察

本文通过血管灌注透明标本和微血管腐蚀铸型扫描电镜,观察大鼠睾丸的大血管和微细血管的构筑。大鼠生精小管的周围,有两种小血管配布。1.管间血管:该血管或为1条毛细血管前微动脉,或为2条并行的较大的毛细血管连结成网状,位于生精小管间三角形的间质柱内,并与小管平行走行。2.管周毛细血管:连于管间血管之间,呈绳梯状围绕生精小管,并在生精小管上皮下固有膜内,形成管周毛细血管网。本文还观察了大鼠睾丸较大血管及睾丸固有鞘膜脏层的血管配布特点,讨论了这些血管配布的意义。     

181例柯兴氏综合征的临床病理

本文收集自1957至1984年181例柯兴氏综合征的肾上腺标本,对30例作了电镜观察。对88例用电子计算机作逐步回归分析,结果表明治疗方式、病理类型、紫纹和性征异常对预后影响较大。并对肾上腺皮腺癌诊断标准的掌握、皮质增生中腺瘤样结节和皮质腺瘤间可能存在的转化关系、肾上腺皮质增生的诊断标准以及柯兴氏综合征病例肾上腺病损的超微结构进行了讨论。     

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Roots and Stems of Kadsura coccinea

Ten dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans were obtained from the ethereal soluble fraction of the dried roots and stems of KADSURA COCCINEA. Two of them were new compounds, named kadsutherin ( 8) and isokadsuranin ( 10). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral analysis.     

2016—2020年甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查报告质量评价

目的:评价甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查报告质量,发现基层流行病学调查过程中存在的问题并提出指导意见。方法:收集2016—2020年甘肃省食源性疾病暴发事件监测系统中,发病人数≥10例的食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学调查报告,按照相应标准对流行病学调查报告中各项指标进行评价。结果:共收集68起食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学调查报告。报告普遍存在条理性差、层次混乱不清,虽然书写了相应的指标但内容过于简单且不够规范的问题;报告还存在描述性流行病学调查不够全面、深入,分析流行病学欠缺,食品卫生学调查不充分等问题;仅有50.00%(34/68)的调查查明了致病因子和污染食物,39.71%(27/68)的调查查明了污染原因,14.71%(10/68)的调查找出了完整证据链。结论:甘肃省基层工作人员食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学调查不够深入、细致,病因调查和推断较少,几乎未开展分析流行病学调查,调查报告得出的结论依据不够充分;流行病学调查和调查报告书写质量均需要加强和提高;相关部门应基层流行病学调查队伍建设,对技术人员进行中长期的理论与实践相结合的培训。     

徐州市直属小学学生近视与教室光环境调查研究

目的 调查徐州市直属小学学生近视现状,分析教室光环境及学龄对儿童视力的影响。方法 采用整群抽样方法,运用标准对数视力表对直属小学学生进行视力检测;随机抽取4所学校,使用TES-1332A照度计测定教室光环境;计量资料采用t检验或方差分析;计数资料采用χ2检验,等级资料采用秩和检验分析其统计学差异。结果 2018年徐州市小学生近视检出率总体为49.84%(男生45.81%,女生53.88%),女生高于男生(χ2=52.001,P<0.05),且重度近视检出率更高(Z=7.795,P<0.05)。市直属小学生近视检出率54.18%,县区直属小学46.45%,市区高于县区(χ2=47.247,P<0.05)。不同年级近视发生情况不同,二～六年级近视检出率分别为36.03%,40.5%,48.45%,58.77%,65.4%,高年级近视发生率高于低年级(χ2趋势=384.766,P<0.05),且重度近视高于低年级(χ2=742.673,P<0.05)。各检测小学不同楼层间教室黑板以及桌面照度不同 (F=3.894,P<0.05) ,但均符合国家标准。结论 徐州市直属小学学生近视检出率较高,并随学龄延长而加重,女生更严重;监测学校教室光环境符合要求。改善和保护学生视力除了保障教室光环境合格和定期监测外,应进一步探讨影响学生视力的其他因素,共同促进学生视力健康。     

星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡在AD发生进展中的作用及益肾填髓中药的干预机制

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(CNS)重要的神经细胞类型,主要发挥营养与支持作用。星形胶质细胞与神经元之间存在密切的能量与物质偶联关系,能量偶联与物质偶联两者紧密关联、交互为用。近年来大量研究显示,星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡在阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发生与进展中发挥核心作用,星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联网络失衡已成为AD干预的重要靶标并受到日益关注。中医学认为,AD的主要病机是肾虚髓亏,临床常用益肾填髓中药方剂治疗AD取得较好效果。研究发现大量益肾填髓方剂对星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡具有调节和保护作用,中药方剂治疗AD的益肾填髓功效可能与其调节星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡有一定的内在联系。该文就星形胶质细胞-神经元偶联失衡与AD肾虚髓亏病机之间可能内在联系及益肾填精中药干预机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Radioprotective Effect of Whey Hydrolysate Peptides against γ-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases, but it can also cause serious damage to the body, so it is necessary to find effective nutritional supplements. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of whey hydrolysate peptides (WHPs) against ⁶⁰Coγ radiation damage in mice and explore the mechanism. BALB/c mice were given WHPs by oral gavage administration for 14 days. Then, some mice underwent a 30-day survival test after 8 Gy radiation, and other mice received 3.5 Gy radiation to analyze the changes in body weight, hematology and bone marrow DNA after three and 14 days. In addition, through further analysis of the level of oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, the possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of WHPs was explored. The study found WHPs can prolong survival time, restore body weight, and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and bone marrow DNA content in irradiated mice. In addition, WHPs can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that WHPs have a certain radioprotective effect in mice, and the main mechanism is related to reducing oxidative damage.     

Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.     

安徽省新冠肺炎定点医疗机构医院感染管理部门人力资源现状调查

目的 了解安徽省不同级别新冠肺炎定点医疗机构医院感染管理部门人力资源配置现状,分析存在问题及薄弱环节,为健全感控人才队伍建设提供依据。方法 通过调查问卷的形式,于2020年4月对安徽省各级新冠肺炎定点医疗机构医院感染管理部门基本情况、医院感染管理专职人员配置情况进行调查,并对结果进行分析。结果 共调查68所医疗机构,其中省级医院6所,市级医院19所,县级医院43所。省、市、县级医疗机构医院感染管理专职人员配比达标的医院分别占16.67%、26.32%、51.16%。全省医院感染管理专职人员中女性占84.82%;医院感染管理队伍以护理专业为主,占59.53%;高级职称人员仅占21.01%。不同级别医疗机构医院感染管理专职人员在专业、学历分布、医院感染管理工作年限方面比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 安徽省新冠肺炎定点医疗机构医院感染管理部门存在专职人员配备不足、专业单一、学历偏低、职称晋升困难等情况,人力资源配置有待进一步优化,医疗机构及相关管理部门应加强感染监控人才队伍建设,推动疫情防控常态化下感染监控工作的有效落实。