标准卒中救治流程缩短介入治疗再通时间

目的　分析长海医院标准卒中救治流程对大血管闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）介入治疗再通时间的影响。方法　回顾性连续选择2013年9月至2019年12月我院脑血管病中心收治的行血管内治疗的大血管闭塞AIS患者876例,排除病例资料不全者66例,最终纳入810例。按照是否实验施标准卒中救治流程（2018年6月22日）将患者分为研究组（采用标准卒中救治流程,335例）和对照组（未采用标准卒中救治流程,475例）。比较两组患者的入院至进针时间（DNT）、入院至股动脉穿刺时间（DPT）、股动脉穿刺至血管成功再通时间（PRT）,以及血管成功再通[改良脑梗死溶栓（mTICI）分级为2b/3级]率、术后90 d预后良好[改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分为0～2分]率。结果　两组患者性别、年龄及入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。研究组采用静脉溶栓+血管内治疗的患者占比低于对照组［14.3%（48/335）vs 31.2%（148/475）P<0.01］。在行静脉溶栓+血管内治疗的患者中,研究组DNT、DPT、PRT均短于对照组［34.2（28.1,60.4）min vs 53.5（27.0,72.2）min、76.5（55.9,106.4）min vs 97.0（68.9,151.1）min、45.0（37.3,90.4）min vs 78.0（55.4,109.3）min］,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;研究组的预后良好率、血管成功再通率［分别为66.7%（32/48）、91.8%（44/48）］与对照组［分别为57.4%（85/148）、93.2%（138/148）］相比差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。在直接行血管内治疗的患者中,研究组DPT、PRT也均短于对照组［67.0（50.1,109.0）min vs 87.0（60.8,150.0）min、48.0（43.5,80.8）min vs 74.0（60.3,100.6）min］,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）;研究组的预后良好率、血管成功再通率［分别为54.7%（157/287）、93.0%（267/287）］与对照组［分别为52.3%（171/327）、91.1%（298/328）］相比差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论　我院的标准卒中救治流程能显著缩短DNT、DPT和PRT时间,缩短介入治疗再通时间。但血管再通率与良好预后率未显示明显提高。     

参考骨质移行转换点改良椎弓根螺钉置入法行腰椎内固定术

目的 探讨采用以骨质移行转换点为参考标志的改良椎弓根螺钉徒手置钉法行腰椎内固定术的疗效。方法 2017年1月—2018年3月,采用内固定术治疗腰椎疾病患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为2组,每组30例,改良组采用骨质移行转换点为参考标志徒手置钉,对照组采用传统方法徒手置钉。术后行CT多平面重建（MPR）对螺钉进行椎弓根层面扫描,采用Neo分级评估螺钉位置。结果 所有手术顺利完成。改良组共置入椎弓根螺钉154枚,置钉准确率为96.10%;对照组共置入椎弓根螺钉150枚,置钉准确率为88.67%;2组置钉准确率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 以骨质移行转换点为参考标志的改良椎弓根螺钉徒手置钉法相较于传统徒手置钉法有更高的置钉准确率,可一定程度上实现椎弓根置钉的个体化,值得临床推广。     

三甲医院缓和医疗会诊服务实践存在的问题分析

目的 探究三甲医院院内缓和医疗会诊服务在实践过程中遇到的障碍,针对这些困难提出意见和建议,为院内缓和医疗会诊服务的进一步开展提供参考。方法 对北京协和医院17名请求过缓和医疗会诊服务的医护人员进行半结构式访谈,对相关资料进行整理、分析。结果 院内缓和医疗会诊服务开展中的障碍因素包括患者及家属对缓和医疗了解不够深入、医护人员对缓和医疗的认知不够深刻、临床诊疗团队对会诊意见落实不够全面、缓和医疗会诊团队提供服务的精力有限、缓和医疗的开展难以创造所谓的经济效益5个方面。同时,针对院内缓和医疗会诊服务开展过程中的障碍和不足,提出工作改进的建议包括增加患者及其家属对缓和医疗的接受程度、提高医护人员对缓和医疗知识水平、建立会诊团队与医护人员的新型合作模式、增强医院对缓和医疗发展的制度保障和建立健全缓和医疗相关法律政策等。结论 三甲医院院内缓和医疗会诊服务在实践过程中虽然遇到很多困难和障碍,但是医护人员对缓和医疗的需求和期望仍在提高。     

新一代基因编辑工具研究进展

目前,以核酸酶为主要成分的基因编辑工具已经成功实现可编程地对哺乳动物基因组进行靶向突变或插入删除,从锌指核酸酶（ZFNs）、转录激活子样效应子核酸酶（TALENs）、CRISPR/Cas系统发展到更安全更精准的Cas9融合蛋白基因编辑工具和其他核酸酶基因编辑工具,本文系统阐述了基因编辑的发展演进历程、介绍了新一代基因编辑工具的开发与优化,针对基因编辑工具的临床应用与面临的挑战进行了展望。     

反向脉冲谐波实时超声造影诊断背驼式肝移植术后肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症

目的探讨实时超声造影检查在背驼式肝移植术后肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症诊断中的应用价值。方法对25例背驼式肝移植术后CDFI疑诊肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症的患者进行实时超声造影检查。采用造影剂声诺维（SonoVue）2.4ml肘部浅静脉团注,反向脉冲谐波低机械指数（MI0.15-0.19）实时超声造影。将超声造影结果与增强CT对照分析。结果超声造影诊断下腔静脉血栓3例;肝静脉血栓5例,其中2例继发肝组织淤血、坏死;超声造影诊断肝静脉狭窄6例,下腔静脉狭窄4例,其中最严重的1例肝上下腔静脉内径3.8mm。CDFI与增强CT的符合率为72%（18/25）,实时超声造影与增强CT的符合率为100%（18/18）。结论实时超声造影对背驼式肝移植术后肝静脉及下腔静脉并发症的诊断能力与增强CT相当,实时超声造影更加方便灵活,为背驼式肝移植术后静脉并发症的诊断提供了一种可靠的影像学新方法。     

Debakey III型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后近期CT评估及价值

目的　探讨DebakeyIII型主动脉夹层进行腔内隔绝术 (EVE)后CT评估的方法及价值。 方法　 5 1例De bakeyIII型主动脉夹层患者接受了EVE手术治疗。主要检查内容为移植物的形态、位置 ;移植物内的血流通畅度 ;有无内漏及夹层变化情况。结果　术后近期CT所见 :1例术后 7天CTA检查发现移植物中段少量内漏。 4例于术后 7天发现假腔血栓化不彻底 ,有远端血液反流入假腔。 1例移植物失去正常形态 ,但血流通畅 ,未处理。其余均未发现真腔外异常血流影像。结论　主动脉夹层EVE术后CT评估具有图像重建方式多样、提供的信息量大、可准确测量、图像直观易理解、成像清晰、可观察周围组织、易检出并发症等优点 ,应作为首选的术后评估方法。     

重型颅脑损伤改良大骨瓣减压术的疗效

目的探讨改良大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤患者的治疗疗效。方法回顾分析2012年10月~2014年12月治疗的75例重型颅脑损伤患者,其中男性48例,女性27例,年龄21~42岁;平均(32.15±7.22)岁。根据手术方式,分为观察组(给予改良大骨瓣减压术,n=37)和对照组(采用常规骨瓣开颅术,n=38),观察两组患者治疗效果、术后并发症发生情况以及术后格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)。结果观察组治疗良好率为29.73%,明显高于对照组的10.53%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组死亡、植物生存、重中残比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组和对照组治疗前GOS差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后GOS为(12.16±2.43)分,明显高于对照组的(9.03±1.86)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率为21.62%,明显低于对照组的57.90%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤有较好的治疗疗效,能改善患者预后,值得在临床推广。     

Paediatric cervical spine injures. Nineteen years experience of a single centre

Purpose

This observational study aims to describe pediatric C-spine injuries from a level 1 trauma centre through a period of 19 years.

Methods

Clinical records of pediatric trauma patients admitted to a level 1 trauma centre between 1991 and 2009 were analyzed. Patients were stratified by age into groups A (8 or less) and B (9 to 16), and in lower (C0-C2) and upper (C3-C7) spine injuries. Several variables were studied.

Results

Seventy-five cases of C-spine injuries (nine SCIWORA) were identified. Group A included 23 patients and group B 52. In group A, skeletal injuries at the upper C-spine were more common than injuries at the lower C-spine, whereas in group B, injuries of the lower C-spine were more frequent (p?=?0.035). Motor vehicle accidents were the main cause of injury (44 %); 25.3 % of patients were surgically treated. Thirty-nine patients presented neurologic deficits, 16 of which improved. The overall mortality rate was 18.7 % and significantly higher in patients with neurological damages (p?<?0.001)

Conclusions

This study revealed a low incidence of cervical spine injuries in the paediatric population. As in previous reports younger children mainly sustained injuries at the upper C-spine, higher incidence of spinal injuries, and higher risk of death than older children.

     

Transurethral enucleation of the prostate versus transvesical open prostatectomy for large benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) versus transvesical open prostatectomy (OP) for the management of large benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TUEP and OP were identified from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to February 28, 2015. A meta-analysis was conducted with the STATA 12.0 software.

Results

Nine RCTs including 758 patients were enrolled in our meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the maximum urinary flow rate at 1, 3, 6 months, 1 and 2 years: postvoiding residual urinary volume, prostate-specific antigen, international prostate symptom score and quality of life score at 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year; or international index of erectile function at 3, 6 months and 1 year. Perioperative outcomes including hemoglobin level drop, catheter period, irrigation length and hospital stay favored TUEP, while operative time and resected prostate weight favored OP. There was significantly less blood transfusion with TUEP, but no significant differences were found in other complications such as recatheterization, urinary tract infection, reintervention for clots and bleeding control, incidence of pneumonia and infarction, transient incontinence, bladder neck contracture, urethral stricture and recurrent adenoma.

Conclusions

TUEP can be performed effectively and safely with functional outcomes and complications similar to OP for large BPH, whereas it has the advantages of a shorter catheter period, shorter hospital stays and less blood transfusion. These findings seem to support TUEP as the next-generation “gold standard” of surgery for large BPH.

     

Associations of radiographic degeneration and pain with daily cumulative hip loading in patients with secondary hip osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of radiographic and clinical variables of hip osteoarthritis (OA) with alterations in gait and joint loading in patients with secondary hip OA. Fifty females with secondary hip OA were participated. The minimum joint space width (mJSW) of the hip as a degenerative sign and Sharp and center edge (CE) angles as morphological variables were measured radiographically. Hip joint pain was assessed using a visual analog scale. As gait variables, walking speed, range of hip motion, hip moment peak, and hip moment impulse were calculated. Daily cumulative hip loading was calculated as the hip moment impulse multiplied by the mean number of steps per day. After bivariate correlation analyses between dependent (mJSW and pain) and independent variables (age, body mass index, sharp/CE angles, steps per day, and gait variables), separate forward‐backward stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed for each dependent variable. Daily cumulative hip loading in the sagittal plane (β = 0.30, p = 0.021) and age (β = ?0.36, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with the mJSW. Walking speed (β = ?0.36, p = 0.008) and age (β = 0.29, p = 0.031) were significantly associated with hip joint pain. Decrease in daily cumulative hip loading in the sagittal plane was associated with mJSW independently of age. Although the causal relationship was not clear, patients with hip OA reduced total exposure to hip joint loading adaptively rather than lowering the hip moment peak concerning worsening of hip degeneration. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1977–1983, 2016.