Early infant feeding and growth status of US-born infants and children aged 4-71 mo: analyses from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

BACKGROUND: There is controversy over what growth references to use in evaluating breast-fed infants and concern about whether never-breast-fed infants are at risk of overweight in childhood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether infants who are exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo differ in average size from infants who are fed in other ways and whether such differences persist through age 5 y. DESIGN: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were linked to birth certificates of US-born infants and children. Feeding groups were defined on the basis of feeding patterns over the first 4 mo of life: exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, partially breast-fed, breast-fed for <4 mo, and never breast-fed. Growth status, indexed as internally derived z scores (SD units) for weight, length (height), weight-for-length (height), midupper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness, was compared among feeding groups. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 5594 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American infants and children aged 4-71 mo. Of these, 21% were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, 10% were partially breast-fed, 24% were breast-fed for <4 mo, and 45% were never breast-fed. At 8-11 mo, infants who were exclusively breast-fed for4 mo had adjusted mean z scores for weight (-0.21; -0.2 kg), weight-for-length (-0.27), and midupper arm circumference (-0.15) that differed significantly from zero (P < 0. 05). By 12-23 mo, the differences had dissipated; there were no significant differences subsequent to 5 y. Triceps skinfold thickness was not related to early infant feeding. CONCLUSION: Infants who were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo weighed less at 8-11 mo than did infants who were fed in other ways, but there were few other significant differences in growth status through age 5 y associated with early infant feeding.     

γ—干扰素对喉癌细胞株HEP—2增殖活性的影响

用单克隆抗体Ｋｉ－６７（抗ＰＣＮＡ），以链霉菌素－生物素技术（ＬＳＡＢ）检测喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达。人重组γ－干扰素（ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ）抑制ＰＣＮＡ表达（即抗增殖活性）强弱与其剂量有关；雌激素对ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ抗增殖作用无影响。提示：ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ对喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２有抗增殖作用，因而在喉癌的治疗中具有应用价值的。     

Detection of p21WAF1/Cip1 in brain metastases

The p21^WAF1/Cip1 (p21) protein, a negative regulator of G₁ checkpoint control, was overexpressed in the majority of human gliomas. To investigate whether p21 expression in brain metastases from various systemic origins is similar to that in gliomas and whether p21 expression is regulated differently in brain metastases and in corresponding primary tumors, we used immunohistochemical staining to examine the expression of p21 in paraffin-embedded sections prepared from primary colon and breast carcinomas and from metastatic brain tumors that originated from colon, breast, lung, and kidney cancers and from melanoma. Our results showed that 56% (28 of 50) of the brain metastases samples have more than 1% p21-positive staining cells compared with 87% of primary gliomas reported previously. Among the samples analyzed, p21 expression in brain metastases from breast carcinomas was much higher than in primary breast carcinomas. In contrast, p21 expression in brain metastases from colon carcinomas was less than primary colon carcinomas. The results from this pilot study suggest that p21 expression is regulated differently in metastatic and primary tumors.     

IMAF方案治疗复杂转移性乳腺癌疗效观察

为了评价异环磷酰胺，美斯纳，阿霉素和５－氟脲嘧啶联治疗复发转移性乳癌的疗效。对乳腺癌根治术后接受常规ＣＭＦ辅助化疗和放疗后，在２ａ内出现复发转移的２６例患者应用ＩＭＡＦ方案化疗。结果完全缓解４例，部分缓解１２例，总有效率为６１．５％。毒副反应主要为恶性心呕吐、骨髓抑制，脱发和镜下血尿。结果表明ＩＭＡＦ方案是治疗复发转移性乳腺癌疗效较好的方案。     

CT导引注射胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的：探讨ＣＴ引导下椎间盘突出的髓核内和突出物表面注射胶原酶治疗椎间盘突出 的效果。方法：对９０例椎间盘突出的患者在ＣＴ导引下分别于椎间盘突出的髓核内和突出物的表达注射胶原酶,所有患者随访３个月￣２年,其中３０例行ＣＴ复查。结果：穿刺成功率１００％,术后随访３个月￣２年,优良率为９５．６％,２９例ＣＴ随访突出物 部分缩小或消失（９６．７％）,本组无并发症。结论”腰椎间盘突出的髓核内和突出物的表面共     

Randomised double-blind comparison of fentanyl, mivacurium or placebo to facilitate laryngeal mask airway insertion

In a double-blind randomised study, we compared conditions during insertion of the laryngeal mask airway in 150 patients who received either fentanyl 1 microg.kg-1, mivacurium 0.04 mg.kg-1 or normal saline, before induction of anaesthesia with propofol 2 mg.kg-1. Insertion conditions, including mouth opening, swallowing, gagging or coughing, head or limb movement and ease of insertion, were each graded using a three-point scale. The median (interquartile range) summed insertion scores were more favourable with the use of fentanyl [8.0 (7.0-9.0)] and mivacurium [7.5 (6.8-8.3)] than with normal saline [9.0 (7.8-10.3); p < 0.01]. Fentanyl and mivacurium decreased swallowing and head or limb movement, and mivacurium improved mouth opening. Insertion conditions were similar between fentanyl and mivacurium, while both prolonged apnoea. Fentanyl and mivacurium are equally effective in facilitating insertion of the laryngeal mask airway following anaesthetic induction with propofol.     

妊娠期大鼠摄入氟化物对子代鼠血液和骨氟浓度的影响

目的:观察孕期大鼠摄入不同剂量的氟之后,对子代鼠血液和骨氟浓度及软骨细胞和骨关节结构的影响,以探索通过妊娠期母体给氟预防乳牙龋齿的新途径。方法:给妊娠SD大鼠分别用N aF按1 m g/kg体重、10 m g/kg体重和50 m g/kg体重灌胃至分娩,并用0.9%N aC l灌胃作为对照组。结果:①实验组各组子鼠血清中的氟化物含量均较对照组高(P<0.01);并且与母鼠摄入的氟剂量呈正相关。②在中、高剂量组子鼠上肢骨骨氟的含量明显高于对照组。③在高剂量组子鼠的上肢骨切片中可见软骨细胞和关节结构的破坏。结论:①妊娠期母体摄入的氟化物可进入其子体体内。②当母鼠摄入的氟化物剂量过高时,可引起骨组织的毒性损害。     

社区美沙酮维持治疗对海洛因成瘾者吸毒行为影响的初步研究

目的 了解四川省西昌市社区美沙酮维持治疗对海洛因成瘾者吸毒行为的影响情况。方法于2004—05／07，以社区为基础招募海洛因成瘾者，调查其社会人口学、毒品使用及共用注射器具行为特征，了解社区美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）对吸毒行为的影响情况。结果 在调查的海洛因成瘾者中参加过MMT的为30．4％（105／346），参加MMT时间的中位数为49d。在控制社会人口学等因素后，多因素Logistic分析结果显示，MMT与海洛因成瘾者近3个月吸毒行为的关系有统计学意义的变量为：静脉吸毒频率（OR：0．40；95％CI：0．24～0．66）、海洛因口吸频率（OR：3．06；95％CI：1．87～5．00）、海洛因混合其他毒品使用频率（OR：0．43；95％CI：0．26～0．73）、共用针头或注射器（OR：0．03；95％CI：0．01-0．13）、共用洗针头或注射器用水（OR：0．06；95％CI：0．01～0．24）和共用吸毒器皿（OR：0．02；95％CI：0．00～0．18）。结论 研究结果表明我国第一批海洛因成瘾者美沙酮维持治疗试点项目在减少吸毒人群毒品使用和艾滋病相关高危吸毒行为等方面具有明显的效果。     

大蒜素对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道的影响

目的:探讨大蒜素对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道的作用.方法:用急性酶解法获得大鼠的单个心肌细胞,用标准的全细胞膜片钳技术记录钙通道电流.结果:5、50、250和500μmol/L大蒜素分别抑制钙电流4.4%、26.91%、38.06%、72.90%.250μmol/L大蒜素能使心肌细胞钙电流-电压曲线明显上移,峰电流密度从(7.17±0.65)pA/pF减少至(4.44±0.52)pA/pF(n=15,P<0.05),但激活电位、峰电位和翻转电位无明显改变(P>0.05).大蒜素能使钙电流失活曲线明显左移(P<0.05).大蒜素对钙电流激活曲线、失活再复活曲线和频率依赖性无明显影响(P>0.05).结论:大蒜素呈浓度依赖性地抑制心肌细胞L-型钙通道.