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31.
The changes in protein metabolism of severe childhood malnutrition are generally perceived as a metabolic adaptation to chronic protein undernutrition. However, severe malnutrition is invariably accompanied by infections which also have profound effects on protein metabolism. This study aimed to distinguish the effect of protein undernutrition from that of an inflammatory stimulus on muscle and plasma protein synthesis rates. Two groups of five piglets consumed diets containing either 23% or 3% protein for 4 wk. They then were infused intravenously with 2H3-leucine before and 48 h after subcutaneous injections of turpentine to measure the fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of muscle protein and both the FSR and the absolute synthesis rates (ASR) of albumin and fibrinogen. Prior to turpentine injection, compared to control piglets, protein-deficient piglets had significantly lower muscle FSR and plasma concentrations of both albumin and fibrinogen, although only albumin had lower FSR and ASR. Turpentine injection decreased muscle FSR but increased the FSR, ASR and plasma concentrations of both albumin and fibrinogen in control piglets. In protein-deficient piglets, the inflammatory stress caused a further decrease in muscle protein FSR and in plasma albumin concentration despite marked increases in albumin FSR and ASR. Fibrinogen FSR, ASR and plasma concentration were increased. We conclude that protein undernutrition and inflammation elicit the same kinetic response in muscle protein but different kinetic responses in plasma proteins. Furthermore, whereas protein deficiency reduces the plasma albumin pool via a reduction in albumin synthesis, inflammation reduces it through a stimulation of catabolism and/or loss from the intravascular space. 相似文献
32.
Suárez-Pérez E Oliver-Vázquez M De Andino R Vega R Conde J García M Rosario R Vélez H 《Puerto Rico health sciences journal》1999,18(4):377-386
In order to plan the health services for the elderly population, it is necessary to quantify their health status and their functional capacity. In Puerto Rico, few epidemiological studies have been conducted regarding functional capacity and chronic diseases in the elderly population. One of the difficulties to undertake these studies is the high cost and risks to move this population for clinical exams, in addition to the methodology limitation of self-report in the elderly population. This study shows the use of logistic regression to estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and functional capacity, when the observed data are not consisted with the planed sampling scheme. Four hundred and eighty-seven elderly persons (65 yr. and over) were interviewed in the municipalities of Canóvanas, Carolina, Loíza and Trujillo Alto in Puerto Rico, using a cross-sectional design. More than half of the elderly had visual problems (IC 95%: 54.8%, 63.8%), arthritis (IC 95%: 52.7%, 61.5%) and hypertension (IC 95%: 47.3%, 56.3%). In the case of hypertension, significant differences (p < 0.05) by sex were observed, where women reported a higher prevalence than men. One of the higher prevalences in the functional capacity status was with urine accidents. More than one-third of the population is estimated to have this problem (IC 95%: 34.7%, 43.4%). One-fourth of the population had limitations with going out for shopping (IC 95%: 23.9%, 31.9%) and using public and private transportation (IC 95%: 19.5%, 26.9%). We conclude that the applied methodology was consistent with the estimation presented in the literature and statistics from the Puerto Rico Health Department. However, it is necessary to continue assessing the design and analytical methodology, in order to undertake consistent and periodic evaluations of the elderly population. 相似文献
33.
C L Strickland P C Weber W T Windsor Z Wu H V Le M M Albanese C S Alvarez D Cesarz J del Rosario J Deskus A K Mallams F G Njoroge J J Piwinski S Remiszewski R R Rossman A G Taveras B Vibulbhan R J Doll V M Girijavallabhan A K Ganguly 《Journal of medicinal chemistry》1999,42(12):2125-2135
Crystallographic and thermodynamic studies of farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) complexed with novel tricyclic inhibitors provide insights into the observed SAR for this unique class of nonpeptidic FPT inhibitors. The crystallographic structures reveal a binding pattern conserved across the mono-, di-, and trihalogen series. In the complexes, the tricycle spans the FPT active site cavity and interacts with both protein atoms and the isoprenoid portion of bound farnesyl diphosphate. An amide carbonyl, common to the tricyclic compounds described here, participates in a water-mediated hydrogen bond to the protein backbone. Ten high-resolution crystal structures of inhibitors complexed with FPT are reported. Included are crystallographic data for FPT complexed with SCH 66336, a compound currently undergoing clinical trials as an anticancer agent (SCH 66336, 4-[2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5, 6]cyclohepta[1, 2-b]pyridin-11-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-1-piperidinecarbo xamide ). Thermodynamic binding parameters show favorable enthalpies of complex formation and small net entropic contributions as observed for 4-[2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-11H-benzo[5, 6]cyclohepta[1, 2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]pyridine N-oxide where DeltaH degrees bind = -12.5 kcal/mol and TDeltaS degrees bind = -1.5 kcal/mol. 相似文献
34.
Utili R Tripodi MF Andreana A Adinolfi LE Rosario P Florio A 《Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive》1996,4(3):137-142
Of 81 cases of infectious endocarditis seen at our institution from 1988 to 1995, 61 had positive culture (75%) and, of these, 10 (16%) were caused by enterococcal strains (9 by Enterococcus faecalis, 1 by Enterococcus faecium). The 10 cases consisted of 5 native valve endocarditis and 5 late prosthetic valve endocarditis. Median age of patients was 50 years (range 21-58); 6, were males. Diagnostic or surgical procedures on the abdomen, genito-urinary tract, or chest preceded the onset of fever in almost all cases. Nine enterococcal strains showed low-level resistance to aminoglycosides and one was highly resistant. Seven patients were treated with ampicillin and gentamicin and 2 with teicoplanin and gentamicin. The patient, whose infection was caused by an high gentamicin-resistant E. faecalis, was treated with the combination of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole chosen on the basis of the in vitro susceptibility tests. Congestive heart failure occurred in 4 patients and major embolic events in 3. All patients were cured; 4, with medical therapy alone and 6, with antimicrobials associated with surgical substitution of the valve. The data indicate that enterococcal endocarditis, when treated with appropriate antimicrobial regimens, associated with surgical treatment when necessary, has a very low mortality rate. The conventional treatment, -lactams plus gentamicin is usually effective. However, for high-level gentamicin-resistant strains alternative treatments must be selected on the basis of the in vitro susceptibility tests. 相似文献
35.
Two alkamides, deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide (1) and octa-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide (2), were isolated from the roots of Cissampelos glaberrima (Menispermaceae). Their structures were established by spectral and physical methods. Traces of two new alkamides, decen-2-oic acid isobutylamide (3) and decanoic acid isobutylamide (4), were identified by mass spectrometry. 相似文献
36.
The epidemiology of endometrial cancer in young women 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
B E Henderson J T Casagrande M C Pike T Mack I Rosario A Duke 《British journal of cancer》1983,47(6):749-756
A case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles County, California, of 127 endometrial cancer cases aged 45 years or less at diagnosis, to investigate the role of fertility, obesity and exogenous oestrogens in the development of the disease in young women. Use of sequential oral contraceptive (SOCs) or oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for greater than or equal to 2 years was strongly associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. After excluding these cases, since the SOC or ERT use was probably the cause of their disease, we were left with 110 case-control pairs for further study. Among these remaining case-control pairs increasing parity was strongly associated with decreased risk (relative risk of 0.12 for women of parity 3 compared to nulliparous women, P less than 0.001). Current weight was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 17.7 for women weighing greater than or equal to 190 lbs compared to women weighing less than 130 lbs, P less than 0.001). Combination oral contraceptive (COC) use was associated with a decreased risk, which decreased with duration of COC use (relative risk of approximately 0.28 at 5 years of use, P less than 0.001), but the estimate of the protective effect was reduced and became statistically non-significant when allowance was made for weight and parity. The protective effect of COC use was only clearly evident in women who had less than 3 live-births and weighed less than 170 lbs. These results provide further support for the "unopposed" oestrogen hypothesis of the aetiology of endometrial cancer. 相似文献
37.
Prada C Puga J Pérez-Méndez L López R Ramírez G 《The European journal of neuroscience》1991,3(6):559-569
Chick embryo retinas were labelled in ovo by single injections of [3H]thymidine at selected times between days 2 and 12 of incubation. Embryos were later removed, at different stages of development, and the retinas processed for autoradiography of either serial sections or dissociated cell preparations. Analysis of unlabelled cells shows that neurogenesis starts, on day 2 of incubation, in a dorsotemporal area of the central retina, close to the posterior pole and to the optic nerve head. A gradient of neurogenesis spreads from this central area to the periphery, where neurogenesis ends, shortly after day 12, when the last few bipolar cells withdraw from the cell cycle. Additional dorsal-to-ventral and temporal-to-nasal gradients can be discerned in our autoradiographs. In all retinal sectors, ganglion cells start first to withdraw from the cell cycle, followed, with substantial overlapping, by amacrine, horizontal, photoreceptor plus Müller, and bipolar neuroblasts. Ganglion cells are also the first to reach the 50% level of unlabelled cells, followed this time by horizontal, photoreceptor, amacrine, Müller and bipolar cells. Finally, 100% levels of unlabelled cell populations are attained simultaneously by ganglion, horizontal and photoreceptor cells, followed by amacrine, then by Müller, and last by bipolar cells. Although all classes of neurons, in varying proportions, are being produced most of the time, our results also demonstrate that, in any given retinal area, the first cells leaving the cycle are determined to become ganglion cells, and the last ones bipolar cells, and not other types. 相似文献
38.
Nancy C Dolan M Rosario Ferreira Terry C Davis Marian L Fitzgibbon Alfred Rademaker Dachao Liu Brian P Schmitt Nicolle Gorby Michael Wolf Charles L Bennett 《Journal of clinical oncology》2004,22(13):2617-2622
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether lower literacy is associated with poorer knowledge and more negative attitudes and beliefs toward colorectal cancer screening among veterans without recent colorectal cancer screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seventy-seven male veterans, age 50 years and older, who had not undergone recent colorectal cancer screening, were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding colorectal cancer screening. Patients' literacy was assessed with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, an individually administered screening test for reading. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of the 377 men had an eighth grade literacy level or higher. Men with lower literacy were 3.5 times as likely not to have heard about colorectal cancer (8.8% v 2.5%; P =.006), 1.5 times as likely not to know about screening tests (58.4% v 40.9%; P =.0001), and were more likely to have negative attitudes about fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), but not about flexible sigmoidoscopy. Specifically, men with lower literacy skills were two times as likely to be worried that FOBT was messy (26.7% v 13.3%; P =.008), 1.5 times as likely to feel that FOBT was inconvenient (28.7% v 18%; P =.05), and four times as likely to state they would not use an FOBT kit even if their physician recommended it (17.9% v 4.0%; P =.02). CONCLUSION: Limited literacy may be an overlooked barrier in colorectal cancer screening among veterans. 相似文献
39.
Prognostic value of CD40 in adult soft tissue sarcomas. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Alessandro Ottaiano Anna De Chiara Francesco Perrone Gerardo Botti Flavio Fazioli Vincenzo De Rosa Nicola Mozzillo Vincenzo Ravo Brunello Morrica Ciro Gallo Carmela Pisano Maria Napolitano Paolo Antonio Ascierto Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli Gaetano Apice 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(8):2824-2831
PURPOSE: The purpose is to evaluate the expression of CD40, a membrane protein predominantly expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, in a series of adult soft tissue sarcomas and to test its possible prognostic value. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: CD40 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Correlations with other baseline characteristics of patients and tumors were analyzed with chi(2) test. The prognostic value was studied with univariable and multivariable analysis adjusted by age, sex, tumor size, grade, location, and distant metastases. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients, between January 1994 and May 2001, were analyzed. Membrane or cytoplasmic staining for CD40 protein was absent in 30% of the tumors but present in <10% of cells in 22 (27%), in 10% to 50% in 23 (28%), and in >50% of cells in 12 (15%) tumors. There was no correlation between CD40 expression and age, sex, size, grade, and location of the primary tumor and distant metastases. With 61 patients (74.4%) progressed and 31 (37.8%) dead, CD40 expression was a significant prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival at univariable and multivariable analysis. Patients with tumors expressing CD40 in >50% of cells had a dramatically unfavorable prognosis with median disease-free and overall survival of 7 and 17 months, respectively, and hazard ratios of relapse and death as compared with patients with CD40-negative tumors of 2.89 (95% confidence interval: 1.26-6.60) and 6.92 (95% confidence interval: 2.18-22.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that expression of CD40 protein in >50% of cells might indicate an unfavorable prognosis in adult soft tissue sarcomas. 相似文献