COX-2和VEGF表达及其与胆管癌的相关性研究

目的:探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在胆管癌组织中的表达及其与胆管癌发生、发展及转移的关系。方法:运用免疫组织化学SP法研究COX-2和VEGF相关抗原在胆管癌组织中的表达。结果:43例胆管癌组织中COX-2和VEGF的表达阳性率分别为81.40%和76.74%,而二者在9例胆管结石病人的组织中均未见阳性表达;COX-2表达阳性率在胆管癌高、中分化组明显高于低分化组,转移阳性组明显高于转移阴性组,其差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);VEGF的表达阳性率在胆管癌转移组明显高于未转移组,其差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);COX-2表达与VEGF表达呈正相关(r=0.727,P<0.01)。结论:COX-2和VEGF可能在胆管癌的发生、发展及转移过程中起着关键性作用,二者在血管生成过程中密切相关。     

分化型甲状腺癌的多因素预后分析

 【目的】探讨影响分化型甲状腺癌（differentiated thyroid carcinoma，DTC）预后的因素。【方法】回顾性收集1985年1月1日至1997年12月31日在中山大学肿瘤防治中心治疗的分化型甲状腺癌581例，对其预后进行单因素和多因素分析。【结果】581例分化型甲状腺癌的5、10、15年生存率分别为93．6％、87．5％和80．6％。单因素分析显示影响分化型甲状腺癌预后的因素有性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、T分期、远处转移、治疗方式、复发和临床病理分期，P〈0．05，病理类型、淋巴结转移对预后无显著性影响，P〉0．05。Cox多因素分析表明T分期、治疗方式和临床病理分期是影响分化型甲状腺癌预后的独立因素。【结论】性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、T分期、复发、远处转移和临床病理分期是影响分化型甲状腺癌预后的主要因素，其中T分期、治疗方式和临床病理分期为独立的预后因素。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨将HR-HPV检测作为宫颈癌筛查手段的意义和价值。方法2004-12-2005-04对301医院妇产科门诊就诊的1231例患者,进行HPVDNA的杂交捕获法二代(HPV-HCⅡ)和液基细胞学(Thinprepcytol-ogytest,TCT)的检测,作为宫颈癌及其癌前病变的初筛。131例因细胞学异常,或细胞学正常而HPV检测阳性,或细胞学正常HPV阴性、而临床高度怀疑病变的患者行阴道镜下多点活检,结合病理结果进行分析。结果(1)1231例样本中,经TCT检测正常者1077例(87·43%),ASCUS32例(2·60%),ASCUS-H34例(2·76),LSIL73例(5·93%),HSIL15例(1·22%)。131例阴道镜下多点组织活检,病理证实炎症68例(51·91%),CINⅠ20例(15·27%),CINⅡ18例(13·74%),CINⅢ16例(12·21%),浸润癌4例(4·35%),湿疣5例(3·82%)。(2)HPV总感染率34%,HPV阳性者418例,年龄平均(36·93±10·8)岁,HPV阴性者813例,年龄平均(39·68±11·8)岁,HPV阳性组的年龄明显小于HPV阴性组,P<0·01。各病理组HPV感染率分别为:炎症58·82%,CINⅠ80%,CINⅡ72·22%,CINⅢ100%,浸润癌100%,湿疣60%。(3)阴道镜下多点活检结果:TCT和HPV均(-)者,无高度病变的发生;TCT(-)和HPV( )者中,≥CINⅡ的检出率11·1%(1/9),TCT异常和HPV阳性同时存在的病例中,≥CINⅡ的检出率最高40·5%(32/79);仅TCT异常而HPV(-)者13·2%(5/38),且5例均为CINⅡ,无原位癌和浸润癌的发生。结论持续的HR-HPV感染与宫颈病变的演进有关;HR-HPV检测是有价值的辅助诊断技术,与细胞学联合检测,为最佳宫颈癌筛查方案。     

Molecular Characterization of Duck Hepatitis B Virus Isolated from Hubei Brown Ducks

The objective of this study was to characterize the genome structure of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) isolated from Hubei brown ducks. The natural carrier rate of DHBV in adult ducks from Hubei area was investigated and the DHBV DNA-positive serum screened out. The complete genome of a DHBV strain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into T vector and sequenced. The results showed that the carrier rate of DHBV in Hubei brown ducks was 10 %. This strain (GenBank accession number DQ276978) had a genome of 3024 nucleotides with three overlapping open reading frames encoding the surface, core and polymerase proteins respectively. Comparison of the strain with 17 DHBV strains registered in GenBank revealed a homology from 89.3 % to 93.5 % at the nucleotide level. The sequences of the structural and functional domains of these proteins were highly conserved. The strain was found to share more signature amino acids in the polymerase genes with the "Chinese" DHBV strains than those of the "Western" country strains. This finding was also corroborated by a phylogenetic tree analysis. Therefore, the DQ276978 might belong to a subtype of the Chinese DHBV strains.     

Parent-rated behavior problems associated with overweight before and after controlling for sleep disordered breathing

Background  

Researchers and clinicians are seeking to develop efficacious behavioral interventions to treat overweight children; however, few studies have documented the behavioral correlates of overweight children in community samples. The goal of this study was to determine the nature and prevalence of behavior problems for overweight school-aged children versus normal weight peers before and after controlling for the effect of sleep disordered breathing.     

Insights into oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its circumvention.

The oxazaphosphorines cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide remain a clinically useful class of anticancer drugs with substantial antitumour activity against a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A major limitation to their use is tumour resistance, which is due to multiple mechanisms that include increased DNA repair, increased cellular thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and altered cell-death response to DNA damage. These mechanisms have been recently re-examined with the aid of sensitive analytical techniques, high-throughput proteomic and genomic approaches, and powerful pharmacogenetic tools. Oxazaphosphorine resistance, together with dose-limiting toxicity (mainly neutropenia and neurotoxicity), significantly hinders chemotherapy in patients, and hence, there is compelling need to find ways to overcome it. Four major approaches are currently being explored in preclinical models, some also in patients: combination with agents that modulate cellular response and disposition of oxazaphosphorines; antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific target genes; introduction of an activating gene (CYP3A4) into tumor tissue; and modification of dosing regimens. Of these approaches, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy are perhaps more speculative, requiring detailed safety and efficacy studies in preclinical models and in patients. A fifth approach is the design of novel oxazaphosphorines that have favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and are less vulnerable to resistance. Oxazaphosphorines not requiring hepatic CYP-mediated activation (for example, NSC 613060 and mafosfamide) or having additional targets (for example, glufosfamide that also targets glucose transport) have been synthesized and are being evaluated for safety and efficacy. Characterization of the molecular targets associated with oxazaphosphorine resistance may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors critical to the optimal use of these agents in chemotherapy and may allow the development of strategies to overcome resistance.     

医院药房分装药品信息管理系统的设计与应用

OBJECTIVETo standardize computer assisted management on subpackage drug in hospital pharmacy. METHODSDesign an information management system (IMS) based on Microsoft Visual Foxpro 8.0. The system functions include entry, entering information on subpackage     

疾病状态对人体药物代谢的影响

 目的 了解疾病状态下人体药物代谢能力的变化。方法 检索近几年的相关文献。结果 在疾病状态下(如糖尿病、 慢性肝病、充血性心力衰竭、肥胖、肾衰、炎症、感染和囊性纤维化等),参与药物Ⅰ相代谢的人肝细胞色素P450活性和基因表 达可有显著改变,多数情况下呈下调状态,能引起药物清除减慢和不良反应的发生。少数情况下呈上调状态。药物Ⅱ相代谢 酶的活性也可有改变。疾病对人体药物代谢酶的影响可能具有同工酶选择性。不同的疾病和病情对药物代谢的影响可不 同。而且还与是否接受药物治疗和治疗的有效性有关。某些影响药物代谢的疾病经相应药物治疗后,药物代谢酶活性反而恢 复正常。一些实验室检查指标与药物代谢酶活性具有显著相关性。结论 疾病状态下的药物使用应注意剂量的调整。一些 实验室检查指标值对于药物剂量调整具有临床价值。     

不明原发灶颈部转移癌治疗失败原因和对策

目的分析不明原发灶颈部转移癌(unknown primary cervical metastatic carcinoma,UPCMC)的治疗方法和治疗失败原因,探讨其治疗策略。方法回顾性研究1978年1月-1997年12月收治的符合诊断标准的UPCMC 111例的临床资料、治疗和转归,比较和分析不同治疗组的颈部控制率、原发灶治疗失败率及远期生存率。结果全组原发灶出现率10.8%(12/111),颈部控制率为36.9%,总的5年生存率为41.4%;影响预后的因素为颈部控制情况、N 分期、原发灶控制情况,颈部控制率的影响因素为N分期和是否全颈放疗。结论UPCMC的颈部治疗应以放疗为主,部分放射不敏感病理类型的N1、N2病例可采取放疗和手术的综合治疗;颈部放疗以全颈放疗为佳;对潜在原发灶的治疗推荐采取选择性放疗的策略。     

激光捕获显微切割结合RNA线性扩增技术在膀胱移行细胞癌相关基因研究中的应用

目的当对有间质细胞混杂的膀胱移行上皮细胞与膀胱移行细胞癌进行基因差异表达分析时,激光捕获显微切割技术(lasercap-turemicrodissection,LCM)是不可缺少的,然而从LCM所得的细胞中获取足够RNA量相当困难。本文首次将LCM与RNA线性扩增结合用于膀胱癌相关基因研究,目的是确定一条切实可行的技术路线,将膀胱移行上皮细胞从膀胱粘膜中分离出来,将膀胱癌细胞从肿瘤间质细胞中分离出来,并对其进行RNA体外线性扩增,以备进一步研究。方法采用LCM技术分别从正常膀胱粘膜及膀胱癌组织冰冻切片中获取膀胱移行上皮细胞及膀胱癌细胞,提取RNA,并对微量RNA进行体外线性扩增。然后用RT-PCR验证扩增前、后RNA中β-actin基因表达水平。结果对照实验I证实经LCM后RNA完整性较好;经对照实验Ⅱ初步确定设定条件下LCMshooting次数与可获得RNA量间对应关系。从膀胱粘膜种捕获膀胱移行上皮细胞25万shootings;从膀胱癌组织中获取癌细胞20万shootings。产物RNA扩增后获得片段大小为0.5-2.5kh的aRNA,且β-actin基因表达表达完整。结论LCM结合RNA体外线性扩增技术能成功地获取较为单一的研究目的细胞,扩增后RNA完整性较好,能用于进一步研究中。