椎弓根定位方法与置钉技术探要

目的 通过Ｘ线平片分析关节突、横突及椎弓根间的相互关系,探讨上关节突作定位标志的临床价值。方法 常规Ｘ线正位片,测量Ｌ１～Ｌ５横突中轴线ＴＡ、两侧上关节突下缘连线ＡＡ与椎弓根中心点连线ＰＣ间的距离,〈１ｍｍ视为重叠。用ＡＡ组与上关节突外缘垂线的交点为进钉点,临床手术３０例。结果 ２１２例Ｘ线片共１０６０个腰椎,ＴＡ、ＡＡ与ＰＣ的重叠率分别为９２．３％和９０．２％（Ｐ〉０．０５）。男女两组间ＴＡ（Ｐ     

综合医院确诊的39例肺结核患者转诊结果随访调查

目的;了解并评价综合医院内科确诊的活动性肺结核病例转诊结果。方法：对我院呼吸内科１９９５年８月－１９９８年８月确认的３９例活动性肺结核患者（不包括结核性胸膜炎）转往结构防治专业机构的结果进行信访和电话随访。结果：仍的３９例活动性肺结核患者中有３５例在确诊后１周内结核病接受０．５ａ－１ａ的全地化疗,３３例获得良好效果,２例死亡,死因分别为肺间质纤维化合并感染肺心病及呼吸衰竭。３例慢性纤维空洞型肺结核     

微型钢板治疗掌指骨骨折

目的：介绍一种治疗手掌骨骨折切开复位内固定的术式,方法：对１５例手掌有骨折脂用切开复位,微型钢板螺丝钉内固定术,根据骨折的不同部位及骨折的不同类型,选用不同形状的钢板。结果：术后１５例随访３ｍｏ～１ａ,全部病例骨折完全愈合,无关节僵硬发生,疗效良好,结论：应用微型钢板螺丝钉治疗手掌,指骨折、使用方便,疗效可靠,值得推广应用。     

To Stay or Not to Stay: Issues in Rural Primary Care Physician Retention in Eastern Kentucky

An important aspect of primary care physician availability is the retention of physicians once they have located. While retention has been under-researched compared to recruitment, it is especially important in rural areas where physician shortages already exist. This study reports the results of a retention survey completed by 132 primary care physicians in rural eastern Kentucky. The survey sets up an objective, hypothetical retention scenario and asks physicians to respond to structured questions and to an open-ended question about factors not appearing in the survey. In response to the structured portion of the survey, physicians indicate that relief coverage is the most important factor in rural physician retention. A content analysis of 75 open-ended responses reveals that besides the other factors in the survey, "sociocultural integration" is the pre-eminent retention issue for rural practitioners. This article concludes that the role of the local rural community may be more important in retention than in recruitment. Finally, it is suggested that additional in-depth qualitative research be conducted within the local contexts to enhance the understanding of rural physician retention processes.     

祖国医学与卫生防病

本文通过对祖国医学发展史的回顾,从四个方面阐述了卫生防病思想的具体表现。同时也指出解放后在党的中医政策指引下,运用这一思想在防治肝炎、肿瘤、艾滋病以及器官移植所致排异反应等方面所取得的成果,说明祖国医学在卫生防病方面无论过去、现在或将来都具有很高的价值。     

新型抗高血压药物氯沙坦的临床应用

氯沙坦是第一个被研究开发的ＡＮＧⅡ受体拮抗剂。该药口服后吸收良好,生物利用度为３３％ ,大约１４％ 的氯沙坦在体内形成活性更强的羧酸代谢物Ｅ－３１７４。存在体内的ＡＮＧⅡ受体有ＡＴ１、ＡＴ２、ＡＴ３ 三种,其生理效应主要由ＡＴ１ 受体介导发生,可出现强烈的血管收缩及醛固酮释放等多种效应。氯沙坦是非肽类拮抗剂,能高效、特异地与ＡＴ１ 受体结合,有效地抑制ＡＴ１ 受体介导的所有生理效应,发挥舒张血管、降低外周阻力的作用,减少后负荷及交感神经的过度兴奋,有效地治疗高血压病及心力衰竭,同时能够逆转左室肥厚。与其他降压药相比,既无药源性踝部水肿、心率增加的反应,又无频繁咳嗽的不良作用,且临床效果满意、耐受性好,它将在高血压病的治疗中占据显著地位。     

图像细胞分析与癌基因检测辅助诊断直肠癌

目的提高直肠癌术前活检的诊断率。方法对１７例术前活检未证实为直肠癌的患者的活检标本（实验组）和１５例正常肠粘膜活检标本（对照组）的石蜡包埋块进行常规病理检查、细胞图像分析（ＩＣＭ）、ｐ５３与ｒａｓ癌基因产物检测。结果实验组ＩＣＭ结果５３％为异倍体,癌基因检测结果ｐ５３与ｒａｓ基因表达阳性率分别为７１％、４７％。对照组的ＩＣＭ与癌基因检测结果均阴性。实验组中,常规病理检查１１例为不典型增生,５例为慢性炎症。常规病理检查为不典型增生的病例中经ＩＣＭ、癌基因检测８例为异倍体,ｐ５３与ｒａｓ基因表达阳性分别为１１和７例;慢性炎症病例中则既无异倍体,又无ｐ５３与ｒａｓ基因表达,二者之间,异倍体和两种基因表达阳性率差异均有显著意义（Ｐ＜００５）。ＩＣＭ与癌基因检测结果有较好的一致性。结论ＩＣＭ与癌基因检测,可以作为常规病理的补充,提高直肠良恶性病变的鉴别力。     

复合法建立大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型

为建立一种类似人类溃疡性结肠炎（UC）特点的动物模型,将60只封闭群健康成年Wistar大鼠随机分为3组造模,每组20只,A组应用2,4－二硝基氯苯（DNCB）和乙酸复合法,B组单纯应用DNCB,C组单纯应用乙酸,对3组进行对照研究。结果：病程：A组大于16周,B组2周,C组8周;免疫学反应：造模前及造模完成后1周CD4＋CD29＋细胞A组为5．01±2．01％,11．17±2．18％,P＜0．01;B组为4．96±1．87％,10．98±2．87％,P＜0．01;C组为4．93±1.96％,5．06±2．03％,P＞0．05;病理学改变：3种方法均可产生粘膜溃疡、炎性细胞浸润、隐窝脓肿等UC组织学特征;症状：3种方法均可造成大鼠腹泻、粘法血便等UC症状。结论：复合法大鼠UC模型既克服了DNCB病程短、自愈性强的缺点,也克服了乙酸法不具有免疫反应模型特征的缺点,又同时保留了二者症状、组织学改变与人类UC相似的优点,是一种较理想的新的UC模型。     

Survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in peripheral nerve-grafted ferrets.

PURPOSE: Peripheral nerve (PN) grafting to the optic nerve stump stimulates not only axonal regeneration of the axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) into the grafted PN but also their survival. The purpose of the present study was to determine the number, distribution, and soma diameter of only surviving RGCs without regenerated axons and surviving RGCs with regenerated axons in PN-grafted mammals. METHODS: A segment of PN was grafted to the optic nerve stump of adult ferrets. Two months after the PN grafting, surviving RGCs with regenerated axons were retrogradely labeled with granular blue (GB) and stained with RGC-specific antibody C38. Surviving RGCs without regenerated axons were identified as C38-positive cells without GB labeling. RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of RGCs survived axotomy after PN grafting in the area centralis (AC), whereas 47% survived in the peripheral retina. Twenty-six percent of surviving RGCs in the AC exhibited axonal regeneration, which was higher than that in the peripheral retina. Soma diameter histograms revealed that RGCs with regenerated axons showing both GB and C38 positivity were in the large soma diameter ranges. In contrast, the soma diameter distribution of surviving RGCs that did not have regenerated axons showed a peak in the smaller soma diameter ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that PN grafting promotes survival of axotomized RGCs more effectively in the peripheral retina than in the AC. Among surviving RGCs, the larger cells exhibited axonal regeneration into the grafted PN, whereas the axons of smaller cells did not to regenerate in either the AC or the peripheral retina.     

延边农村地区朝鲜族HBV、HCV、HDV感染状况调查

为摸清延边农村地区朝鲜族人群乙、丙、丁型肝炎病毒(HBV、HCV、HDV)感染状况,用ELISA法对585名朝鲜族成年人进行了HBV、HCV和HDV感染标志物的检测.HBV、HCV标化感染率与HBsAg标化阳性率分别为50.91%、4.85%和8.57%,年龄组间差异无显著性.HBV、HCV双重感染率为2.56%,HBV与HCV的感染相关无显著性.42例HBsAg阳性者中HDV感染率4.76%.HBV感染模式有15种,其中以单项抗-HBs阳性多见,人群中占31.97%.表明人群中HBV、HCV和HDV感染的流行情况不同.