全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8844篇 |
免费 | 546篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 126篇 |
儿科学 | 268篇 |
妇产科学 | 321篇 |
基础医学 | 934篇 |
口腔科学 | 139篇 |
临床医学 | 794篇 |
内科学 | 2273篇 |
皮肤病学 | 81篇 |
神经病学 | 879篇 |
特种医学 | 338篇 |
外科学 | 959篇 |
综合类 | 93篇 |
一般理论 | 6篇 |
预防医学 | 995篇 |
眼科学 | 157篇 |
药学 | 567篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 485篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 36篇 |
2022年 | 61篇 |
2021年 | 175篇 |
2020年 | 84篇 |
2019年 | 170篇 |
2018年 | 194篇 |
2017年 | 166篇 |
2016年 | 156篇 |
2015年 | 175篇 |
2014年 | 286篇 |
2013年 | 396篇 |
2012年 | 650篇 |
2011年 | 708篇 |
2010年 | 391篇 |
2009年 | 381篇 |
2008年 | 576篇 |
2007年 | 703篇 |
2006年 | 653篇 |
2005年 | 624篇 |
2004年 | 592篇 |
2003年 | 551篇 |
2002年 | 483篇 |
2001年 | 117篇 |
2000年 | 87篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 108篇 |
1997年 | 79篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 69篇 |
1994年 | 48篇 |
1993年 | 47篇 |
1992年 | 52篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 40篇 |
1989年 | 64篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 34篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有9417条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
Scott Walker Ron Masson Ronnie Telford David White 《Health services management research》2007,20(4):253-260
The paper reports the results of a study on benchmarking activities undertaken by the procurement organization within the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland, namely National Procurement (previously Scottish Healthcare Supplies Contracts Branch). NHS performance is of course politically important, and benchmarking is increasingly seen as a means to improve performance, so the study was carried out to determine if the current benchmarking approaches could be enhanced. A review of the benchmarking activities used by the private sector, local government and NHS organizations was carried out to establish a framework of the motivations, benefits, problems and costs associated with benchmarking. This framework was used to carry out the research through case studies and a questionnaire survey of NHS procurement organizations both in Scotland and other parts of the UK. Nine of the 16 Scottish Health Boards surveyed reported carrying out benchmarking during the last three years. The findings of the research were that there were similarities in approaches between local government and NHS Scotland Health, but differences between NHS Scotland and other UK NHS procurement organizations. Benefits were seen as significant and it was recommended that National Procurement should pursue the formation of a benchmarking group with members drawn from NHS Scotland and external benchmarking bodies to establish measures to be used in benchmarking across the whole of NHS Scotland. 相似文献
42.
Athletes comprise a unique population with special needs for the management and treatment of eating disorders. Prevention of these disorders also requires special approaches and strategies. Common attitudes, beliefs, and practices in athletics believed to be related to pressures to diet or to engage in pathogenic weight loss methods are discussed. Strategies for educating athletes and sport management personnel regarding issues related to eating disorders are proposed. Additionally, changes in the athletic environment designed to reduce the risk of eating disorders developing are recommended. 相似文献
43.
Lawrence SM Larsen JO Horch KW Riso R Sinkjaer T 《Journal of biomedical materials research》2002,63(5):501-506
Polymer-based longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (polyLIFEs) were chronically implanted into the sciatic nerve of white New Zealand rabbits (n=8) for a period of 6 months (hereafter referred to as the long-term group). The impact of the implantation procedure, as observed 6 months post surgery, was evaluated in a sham-treated control group (n=9). The contralateral sciatic nerve served as the control for each animal. Nerve-fiber counts, fiber diameters, and myelin thickness were estimated at the level of the implant site, 1.5 cm proximally, and 1.5 cm distally for both nerves in sham-treated and long-term groups. Implantation of polyLIFEs had no significant effect on fiber counts, nerve-fiber diameter, or myelin thickness. A slight increase in connective tissue in the vicinity of the implant site was evident in the long-term group, including a thin but dense capsule immediately surrounding the implanted electrode. 相似文献
44.
Radioprotective potential of ginseng 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A majority of potential radioprotective synthetic compounds have demonstrated limited clinical application owing to their inherent toxicity, and thus, the seeking of naturally occurring herbal products, such as ginseng, for their radioprotective capability has become an attractive alternative. In general, ginseng refers to the roots of the species of the genus Panax. As a medicinal herb, ginseng has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its wide spectrum of medicinal effects, such as tonic, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, adaptogenic and antiaging activities. Many of its medicinal effects are attributed to the triterpene glycosides known as ginsenosides (saponins). This review addresses the issue of the radioprotective effects of ginseng on mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo. Results indicate that the water-soluble extract of whole ginseng appears to give a better protection against radiation-induced DNA damage than does the isolated ginsenoside fractions. Since free radicals play an important role in radiation-induced damage, the underlying radioprotective mechanism of ginseng could be linked, either directly or indirectly, to its antioxidative capability by the scavenging free radicals responsible for DNA damage. In addition, ginseng's radioprotective potential may also be related to its immunomodulating capabilities. Ginseng is a natural product with worldwide distribution, and in addition to its antitumor properties, ginseng appears to be a promising radioprotector for therapeutic or preventive protocols capable of attenuating the deleterious effects of radiation on human normal tissue, especially for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. 相似文献
45.
46.
Identifying quantitative trait locus (QTL) genes is a challenging task. Herein, we report using a two-step process to identify Apoa2 as the gene underlying Hdlq5, a QTL for plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels on mouse chromosome 1. First, we performed a sequence analysis of the Apoa2 coding region in 46 genetically diverse mouse strains and found five different APOA2 protein variants, which we named APOA2a to APOA2e. Second, we conducted a haplotype analysis of the strains in 21 crosses that have so far detected HDL QTLs; we found that Hdlq5 was detected only in the nine crosses where one parent had the APOA2b protein variant characterized by an Ala61-to-Val61 substitution. We then found that strains with the APOA2b variant had significantly higher (P < or = 0.002) plasma HDL levels than those with either the APOA2a or the APOA2c variant. These findings support Apoa2 as the underlying Hdlq5 gene and suggest the Apoa2 polymorphisms responsible for the Hdlq5 phenotype. Therefore, haplotype analysis in multiple crosses can be used to support a candidate QTL gene. 相似文献
47.
Psychiatric morbidity in patients with clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MRI study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study reports the psychiatric morbidity in 76 patients with clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis (optic neuritis, brain stem and cord lesions). The presence or absence of brain pathology was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A group of 33 patients suffering from rheumatic and neurological conditions not known to involve the brain was used for comparison. Normative MRI data were obtained from a group of 40 normal volunteers. Over half of the patients with the clinical presentation of single lesions had MRI abnormalities in the brain, but past and present psychiatric morbidity were similar in patients and controls and no significant associations were found between the presence of MRI abnormalities and psychiatric morbidity. The degree of social stress experienced by the patients with clinically isolated lesions appeared to be highly relevant in the causation of psychiatric symptoms. 相似文献
48.
BACKGROUND: Emergency admission rates have been rising steadily in recent years, with the majority of the increase owing to emergency medical admissions. Possible causative factors include changing demography, incidence of disease, admission thresholds, multiple admissions, and appropriateness of admission. AIM: To investigate the impact of patient and practice factors on variance in general practices' emergency medical admissions rates. DESIGN OF STUDY: Multiple regression analysis relating emergency medical admission rates of general practices to patient and practice characteristics. SETTING: The study was conducted between 1996 and 1997 in the acute hospital trust serving the study area, Dundee, Scotland. METHOD: Scottish Morbidity Record 1 (SMR1) data, which contains details of all hospital consultant episodes, was used to calculate individual practices emergency medical admission rates. These rates were then standardised to an expected value of 100. Forward selection was used to find a suitable multiple regression model to predict each practice's emergency medical admission rate from practice and patient variables. RESULTS: Crude emergency medical admission rates for general practices showed a 1.8-fold variation between the top and bottom deciles. The deprivation status and age of patients explained 42% of the variance in admission rates (64% with the exclusion of one practice that had a poor fit to the model). After correcting for age and deprivation there was a 1.2-fold variation in general practices' emergency medical admission rates. CONCLUSION: The most important factors in explaining variance in general practices' emergency medical admission rates are socio-demographic, with age and deprivation explaining a large proportion of the variation. We found no evidence to support the contention that general practice factors were linked with admission rates. 相似文献
49.
The major phospholipids present in the phospholipid extract of Schistosoma mansoni were phosphatidylcholine (28%), phosphatidylethanolamine (25%), phosphatidylserine (15%) and phosphatidylglycerol (8%). The synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in S. mansoni adults occurred by the choline to phosphatidylcholine or Kennedy pathway. Incorporation of CDPcholine and choline into the phosphatidylcholine of worm slices appeared linear over time with no demonstrable sex differences in choline incorporation. A slight difference in the incorporation of CDPcholine by separate sexes was evident. Methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine could not be demonstrated. 相似文献
50.
Pepe C Foley S Shannon J Lemiere C Olivenstein R Ernst P Ludwig MS Martin JG Hamid Q 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2005,116(3):544-549
BACKGROUND: Airway remodeling in asthma comprises a range of structural changes. Several studies have suggested an association between these changes and disease severity. The relationship between the extent of remodeling and lung function is not well defined. OBJECTIVE: We sought to contrast the structural changes in the airways of well-defined groups of subjects with severe and moderate asthma and to correlate the extent of remodeling with disease severity. METHODS: Endobronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from 15 subjects with severe and 13 subjects with moderate asthma. Epithelial integrity, cell-layer areas, subepithelial fibrosis, and the distance between epithelial and airway smooth muscle (ASM) layers were measured by means of image analysis. Collagen was identified by using Van Giesen stain, and ASM was defined by using smooth muscle alpha-actin immunostaining. Specific immunostains were performed for the evaluation of RANTES, IL-8, and eotaxin expression as markers of ASM phenotype. RESULTS: ASM area was greater in subjects with severe (0.24+/- 0.03 mm(2)) than in subjects with moderate (0.05+/- 0.01 mm(2)) asthma (P<.001). The distance between the epithelial and ASM layers was less in the severe group (0.12+/- 0.01 mm) than in the moderate group (0.24+/- 0.02, P<.001). A trend toward greater subepithelial fibrosis in subjects with severe asthma did not reach statistical significance. IL-8 and eotaxin expression, but not RANTES expression, were increased in the ASM of subjects with severe asthma compared with in subjects with moderate asthma. CONCLUSION: Smooth muscle alteration is the key structural change that distinguishes severe from moderate asthma, and phenotypic change in ASM might contribute to the difficulty in obtaining adequate control in some subjects with severe asthma. 相似文献