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31.
SDD reduces ICU and in-hospital mortality, the length-of-stay in the ICU, the frequency of colonization with resistant GNB,
and the total costs of antibiotic treatment. This supports the use of SDD in all patients expected to be on mechanical ventilation
for at least two days in ICUs that have low prevalence of VRE and MRSA. 相似文献
32.
Is 18F-FDG PET/CT useful for imaging and management of patients with suspected occult recurrence of cancer? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Ora Israel Maya Mor Luda Guralnik Nirit Hermoni Diana Gaitini Rachel Bar-Shalom Zohar Keidar Ron Epelbaum 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2004,45(12):2045-2051
Rising serum tumor markers may be associated with negative imaging in the presence of cancer. CT and (18)F-FDG PET may yield incongruent results in the assessment of tumor recurrence. The present study evaluates the incremental role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis and management of cancer patients with increasing levels of tumor markers as the sole indicator of potential recurrence after initial successful treatment. METHODS: Thirty-six cancer patients with increasing levels of tumor markers during follow-up and negative CT underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT, which showed 111 sites of increased tracer uptake. PET/CT was compared with PET results on a site-based analysis for characterization of (18)F-FDG foci and on a patient-based analysis for diagnosis of recurrence. The clinical impact of PET/CT on further patient management was evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty patients (83%) had recurrence in 85 malignant sites (77%). For the site-based analysis, PET had a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 96%, 50%, 85%, 85%, and 82%, respectively, as compared with the performance indices of PET/CT of 100%, 89%, 97%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the specificity (P < 0.05) and accuracy (P < 0.001) of PET and PET/CT for precise characterization of suspected lesions. For the patient-based analysis, PET had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93%, 50%, and 86%, respectively, as compared with PET/CT with values of 93%, 67%, and 89%, respectively (P = not significant). PET/CT was the single modality that directed further management and treatment planning in 12 patients (33%). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that PET/CT may improve the accuracy of occult cancer detection and further lead to management changes in patients with increasing levels of tumor markers as the sole suspicion of recurrent malignancy. 相似文献
33.
Reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during cognitive behavioral stress management with hiv-positive gay men treated with haart 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Adam W. Carrico M.S. Michael H. Antoni Ph.D. Ron E. Durán Ph.D. Gail Ironson M.D. Ph.D. Frank Penedo Ph.D. Mary Ann Fletcher Ph.D. Nancy Klimas M.D. Neil Schneiderman Ph.D. 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2006,31(2):155-164
Background: Stress management interventions for HIV-positive persons have been designed to enhance coping skills and encourage health-promoting
behaviors with the hope of decreasing distress and slowing disease progression.Purpose: We examined the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention in combination with medication
adherence training (MAT) in 130 gay and bisexual men living with HIV infection.Methods: Participants were randomized to either a 10-week CBSM+MAT intervention (n = 76) or a MAT-only condition (n = 54). Measures
of self-reported adherence, active cognitive coping (i.e., acceptance and positive reinterpretation), avoidant coping (i.e.,
denial and behavioral disengagement), and depressed mood were examined over the 10-week intervention period.Results: Men in CBSM+MAT reported reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during the 10-week intervention period, but no changes
in active cognitive coping or self-reported adherence were observed. Using path analysis, greater reliance on denial coping
at baseline was associated with decreased depressed mood at 10 weeks. We also determined that CBSM+MAT may decrease depressed
mood by reducing reliance on denial coping over the 10-week intervention period.Conclusions: Although denial may be an effective means of distress reduction in the short term, reliance on this coping strategy may
result in a decreased capacity to effectively manage a variety of disease-related stressors in the long term. CBSM+MAT addresses
this potentially detrimental pattern by teaching stress reduction skills that may decrease depressed mood via reduced reliance
on denial coping.
This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants P01 MH49548 and T32 MH18917. 相似文献
34.
35.
Ron Whelan 《Canadian Medical Association journal》1992,147(8):1107
36.
Levin Adeera; Djurdjev Ognjenka; Duncan John; Rosenbaum Debbie; Werb Ron 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(2):370-377
Haemoglobin (Hgb) levels are known to be associated with numerousadverse outcomes in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-CKDpatients. This analysis evaluates the association of baseline haemoglobinlevels on survival in CKD patients, who are followed by nephrologists,irrespective of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), prior to initiationof renal replacement therapy (RRT) and erythropoietin hormonereplacement therapy. Analysis of data from the provincial database (PROMIS, PatientRegistration and Outcome Management Information System) in BritishColumbia, Canada, was undertaken. Records used for the analysisincluded all CKD patients at first registration: GFR <60ml/min/1.73 m2, not yet on dialysis, starting from May 1998to October 2002, and who had complete data (defined as age andgender, diabetic status, eGFR and Hgb levels). The primary objective of this study was to determine the associationof Hgb and survival controlling for eGFR at first registrationvalue, age, gender and diabetic status. Multivariate Cox proportionalhazards analysis with time to death as outcome variable wasperformed. The cohort included 3028 patients: the mean age was 65 years,28% were diabetic, and the mean eGFR in the cohort was 21 ml/min/1.73m2. The cohort is representative of the BC CKD and dialysispopulation regarding ethnicity: 64% Caucasian, 32% Asian. Medianfollow-up was 27 months, 1 year survival was 0.92, 2 year survivalwas 0.85. Hgb at initial registration is a statistically independentpredictor of survival (RR = 0.875 for every 10 g/l, 95% CI:0.8350.917, P = 0.0001), after adjusting for age, gender,diabetic status and baseline eGFR. Further analysis, controllingfor RRT, demonstrated a similar association between Hgb andsurvival (RR = 0.853 for every 10 g/l, 95% CI: 0.7990.910,P = 0.0001), after adjusting for above variables. Substantialvariation in Hgb values exists at all GFR levels. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating Hgb atall GFR levels, and the need to study the impact of modificationof Hgb at different GFR levels on survival. 相似文献
37.
Rianne Bindels Arie Hasman Mieke Derickx Jan W J Van Wersch Ron A G Winkens 《International journal for quality in health care》2003,15(6):501-508
OBJECTIVE: The GRIF automated feedback system produces real-time comments on the appropriateness of diagnostic tests ordered by general practitioners (GPs) based on recommendations from accepted national and regional practice guidelines. We investigated the experiences of GPs with this system and, more specifically, with the recommendations produced by the system as well as their views on using this system in daily practice. SETTING: We tested the GRIF system in an experiment in a laboratory setting and in a daily practice trial. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: General practitioners. INTERVENTION: In the laboratory experiment, GPs used the GRIF system to assess the appropriateness of 30 request forms. Each of the GPs was confronted with requests they had submitted to the diagnostic unit of the hospital in the past. In the field trial, the GRIF system was applied during patient consultations for 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured GPs' satisfaction with the system using a questionnaire, and also conducted group discussions (in the laboratory experiment) and in-depth interviews (in the field trial) to elicit GPs' opinions of and experiences with the system. In addition, we explored GPs' reasons for not accepting the comments offered by the GRIF system. RESULTS: The results show that the GPs in the laboratory experiment had more positive attitudes towards the system compared with participants in the field trial. All discussion groups and most of the GPs in the field trial regarded receiving the immediate feedback during the test ordering process as an important advantage. The most frequently mentioned reason to reject the recommendation was disagreement with the content and/or the recommendations in the practice guidelines. CONCLUSION: Apart from securing agreement on guideline content, a prerequisite for using GRIF in daily practice on a large scale is that more attention is paid to promotion of the guidelines and their adoption, and stimulation of a positive attitude towards the practice guidelines among the users. 相似文献
38.
It is well established that visual display unit (VDU) operators complain of visual fatigue and visual stress during after-work hours. The present study was divided into two parts. In the first part, standard eye examinations were performed on a group of VDU workers (n = 32) and a control group (n = 15); those subjects who were found to have correct vision (n = 16 and 13, respectively) participated in the second part. The eye examinations revealed that on the average, the VDU workers suffered more than twice as many visual impairments as the controls. In those with correct vision, the near point of accommodation was measured at the beginning of the workday at the start of the week, and at the end of the workday, four days later. In the VDU group, the decrease in accommodation was uniformally distributed between zero and 1.0 diopter, whereas among the non-VDU workers, 77% of the decrease was between zero and 0.25 diopter. The dynamic range of accommodation in the VDU workers on the second examination was smaller than on the first. We conclude that some of the visual stress and visual fatigue that developed at work hindered visual activities after work. 相似文献
39.
40.