Does the gradual hydroosmotic response to antidiuretic hormone depend on intracellular cAMP accumulation or on the formation of intramembrane particle aggregates?

In experiments on frog urinary bladder the mechanisms behind the gradual development of a hydroosmotic reaction to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were investigated. It was suggested that the velocity of hydroosmotic reaction may be limited by (a) formation and insertion of particle aggregates into the apical membrane or (b) by velocity of cAMP formation. The urinary bladders were exposed to 23 nM ADH for different times (from 1 to 20 min) and water flow was measured over a period of 40 min. It was found that the value of the full hydroosmotic response increased progressively with the time of exposure to the hormone; however, the enhancement of water flow was equal during each time interval before reaching the reaction maximum. A direct correlation between the value of ADH-stimulated water flow, cAMP content in bladder tissue and frequency of particle aggregates in the granular cell apical membrane was observed. The content of cAMP in ADH-treated bladders was higher by 80% in the absence than in the presence of an osmotic gradient. Pretreatment of urinary bladders with 50 M cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, significantly accelerated the development of the hydroosmotic reaction and increased the magnitude of water flow in comparison with the effect of ADH only. No changes in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity were found in the urinary bladder homogenates under the action of ADH, so it seems likely that accumulation of cAMP depends only on the increase of adenylate cyclase activity. The data obtained allow one to conclude that the gradual hydroosmotic response to ADH depends on the accumulation of cAMP, which may be considered as the main limiting factor of the velocity of the hydroosmotic reaction.     

The basic directions and results of activities of branch no. 1 of the state research center of the Russian Federation "Biophysics Institute" (FIB-1)

During the 1950's, in the early years at the Mayak Production Association (MAYAK) in the Southern Urals, there was a rapid expansion of plutonium output. This was carried out when nuclear technology was still being developed and knowledge of the effects of radiation exposure on humans was not well understood. As result of the discharge of liquid waste into the Techa River, there was large scale overexposure to both the workers at the facility and the population of riverside localities on the Techa River. There were also other environmental discharges, due to an accident and problems of waste storage, which contributed to exposure of other populations around MAYAK. Although all information on the MAYAK operation and its consequences for both workers and population was kept secret, studies on nuclear technology improvement, the handling of radioactive waste, of medical sequence of radiation exposure, radiation safety improvement, and prevention and treatment of radiation injuries were initiated virtually from the onset the of nuclear weapons production program.     

男性海洛因依赖者性机能研究

目的 研究海洛因对男性性机能的影响。方法 对91例男性海洛因依赖者进行了性机能调查研究，并做性激素测定和分析。结果 男性海洛因依赖者性机能明显障碍，表现为性幻想减少，性欲减退，性高潮减退，性交频率降低。男性睾酮（T）及催乳素（PRL）均低于正常对照组（Z=8．118，P〈0．01；Z=4．444，P〈0．01），促黄体生成素（LH）及促卵泡刺激素（FSH）均高于正常对照组（Z=2．094，P〈0．05；Z=2．086，P〈0．05），雌二醇（E2）与正常对照组无统计学意义。结论 海洛因可致机体下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能紊乱，影响性机能，并且性问题在海洛因依赖性形成机制和戒断上的意义值得进一步探讨。     

健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响

目的探讨健康教育路径对HBsAg阳性产妇母乳喂养依从性的影响。方法便利抽样法选择2009年1月至2011年1月住院分娩的238例HBsAg阳性产妇为观察组,采用健康教育路径方式宣教;选择2006年12月至2008年12月住院分娩的263例HBsAg阳性产妇为对照组,采用传统健康教育方式进行宣教。比较两组产妇母乳喂养依从性及产妇母乳喂养知识知晓情况。结果观察组产妇对于母乳喂养的相关知识知晓情况较好,得分80分以上的占70.59%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组中,哺乳≥6个月的产妇占69.75%,哺乳<6个月者占19.75%,未采用母乳喂养者仅占10.50%,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 HBsAg阳性产妇进行母乳喂养并不增加婴儿乙型病毒性肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)的感染率,健康教育路径能有效提高产妇母乳喂养的依从性及喂养知识知晓情况。     

肝病患者医院感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨医院肝病患者感染率及感染发生的危险因素,并根据危险因素制定相应的护理预防对策。方法对医院2009年1月-2012年12月在医院诊治的864例肝病患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,将96例感染患者设为感染组,未发生医院感染的768例患者设为对照组,比较两组患者的差异,探讨导致医院感染发生的危险因素;采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料比较采用χ2检验。结果 864例肝病患者发生医院感染96例,感染率为11.11%;其中呼吸道感染35例占36.46%,消化道感染28例占29.17%,泌尿生殖系统感染18例占18.75%,皮肤软组织感染5例占5.2%,腹腔感染10例占10.42%;患者年龄大、住院时间长、合并其他疾病、留置导管、进行侵入性操作、未合理应用抗菌药物预防以及应用免疫抑制剂等是医院肝病患者发生医院感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论肝病患者医院感染的发生率较高,感染发生的危险因素主要有患者年龄大、住院时间长、合并其他疾病、留置导管、进行侵入性操作、未合理应用抗菌药物以及应用免疫抑制剂,应根据上述危险因素进行积极干预及护理。     

Study of the Dynamics of Blastocystis Hominis Reproduction In Vitro

The dynamics of Blastocystis hominis reproduction in vitro in Pavlova’s and Nelson—Jones media was studied. The time of generation in these media was 21.5 and 16.7 h, respectively. The duration of the lag phase was 1 day, of log phase 2 days, and of the stationary phase 6 days in both cases. The cell count in the logarithmic phase increased at the expense of the vacuolar forms proliferation. During the stationary phase, the granular forms quantitatively predominated over vacuolar forms, the share of the granular forms reaching almost 100% at late stages of the subculture development.     

267例细菌性肝脓肿患者的临床表现及病原学分析

目的分析细菌性肝脓肿患者的临床表现、病原学分布及其耐药性。方法回顾性分析267例细菌性肝脓肿患者的临床表现、病原学分布和耐药性。结果267例细菌性肝脓肿患者的主要临床表现为发热(83.89%)、畏寒或寒战(59.18%)、右上腹痛(58.05%)。外周血液白细胞增多占58.80%,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高占60.04%,碱性磷酸酶升高占35.96%。所获116株细菌中肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别占31.03%、27.59%和8.62%。阿米卡星、头孢菌素类和泰能对革兰阴性菌敏感性较好,喹诺酮类和万古霉素对革兰阳性菌敏感性较好。结论肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为细菌性肝脓肿的优势菌,对当前常用抗生素敏感性较好。