Modelling of ion channel properties and study of channel role in the formation of impulse activity of the neuron

The electron analogue of a neuron working in real time scale is suggested. The sequence of signals' transformation in this analogue is in line with synaptic, postsynaptic membrane and somatic processes. Data on the synapse as on a "key" and on the postsynaptic membrane as on the ion channel with conductivity changed under the influence of a mediator and intracellular potential permit making the neuron analog on the basis of the pulse generator with the possibility to reproduce the synaptic apparatus activity and the neuronal dendrites' structure. The processes of the impulse flow transformation characteristic for neurons of different types, for example motoneurons and Renshow cells are modelled by changing the parameters of the membrane resistance and capacity. The study of simple networks has shown possible to use the suggested analogues for investigating principles of neuronal structure organizations and mechanisms of neuronal interactions, particularly in the motor control system.     

Integration of the cytogenetic and physical maps of chicken chromosome 17

The chicken genome, like those of most avian species, contains numerous microchromosomes that cannot be distinguished by size alone. Unique properties attributed to the microchromosomes include high GC content and gene density, and an enhanced recombination rate. Previously, microchromosome GGA 17 was shown to align with the consensus genetic linkage group E41W17, and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones containing E41W17 markers were isolated and assigned on the physical BAC map as well as the recently assembled draft chicken genome sequence. For this study, these same BACS were utilized as probes for fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) to develop the GGA 17 cytogenetic map. Here we detail the chromosome order of ten BAC DNAs, thereby deriving a cytogenetic map of GGA 17 that is simultaneously integrated with both the linkage map and genome sequence. The location of the FISH probes together with the morphological appearance of the chromosome suggested that GGA 17 is an acrocentric chromosome whose cytogenetic map orientation is reversed from that currently indicated by the linkage map and draft genome sequence. The reversed orientation and the centromere location of GGA 17 were confirmed experimentally by dual-colour FISH hybridization using terminal BACs and the centromere-specific CNM oligonucleotide as probes. An advantage of this cyto-genomic approach is the improved alignment of the sequence and linkage maps with cytogenetic features such as the centromere, telomeres, p and q arms, and staining patterns indicating GC versus AT content.     

Structure of vascular plexuses of brain ventricles in ontogeny under normal conditions and in hypoxia

The structure of vascular plexuses of brain ventricles in newborns developed under hypoxic conditions does not correspond to gestational age. Chronic hypoxia decreases activity of succinate dehydrogenase and iron content in vascular plexuses of brain ventricles.     

Percentages of various types of adenohypophysial cells in female mice of strains C3H and C57B1

Summary It was shown that in mice of strains C3H and C57B1 acidophilic cells predominate in the hypophysis. Basophilic cells are least in number. These are followed by chromophobic cells. Variations in the quantitative composition of cells according to the cycle stages occur among the basophilic cells of the peripheral zone of the hypophysis. The largest content of basophils was noted in the diestrus, the smallest of the estrus (in mice of strain C3H) and metestrus (in mice of strain C57B1).Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 116–118, May, 1966     

Effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1）

To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.     

Role of adrenoreceptors of Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma in the regulation of proliferative processes by adrenergic ligands

Two categories of specific binding sites for the β-adrenergic ligand³H-dihydroalprenolol have been revealed on the cells of Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma. The synthesis of DNA in the tumor cell culture possessed different sensitivities to α- and β-adrenergic preparations. Propranolol, a β-adrenoblocker, suppressed DNA synthesis most intensively in concentrations approaching the therapeutic ones. It is hypothesized that β-adrenoreceptors participate predominantly in the regulation of proliferative processes in Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma by adrenergic ligands. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N^no 11, pp. 525–528, November, 1995     

耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖的再认识与腮腺切除手术的改良

目的：对耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖进行再认识，由此改良腮腺切除手术方法。方法：解剖成人尸体10侧，术中活体解剖20侧，对耳大神经和腮腺筋膜的解剖要素进行观察。根据观察结果进行改良腮腺切除术14例，即在腮腺筋膜表面翻瓣后，由前向后另翻腮腺筋膜瓣，切除腮腺后将筋膜瓣复位缝合，完整保留耳大神经和腮腺筋膜。结果：耳大神经在下颌角水平之上0-2cm依次分耳后、耳垂、耳前支，神经主干末段和分支起始段均分布于腮腺筋膜浅层表面，后者致密，其致密纤维包裹在神经周围。改良手术后2例（14．3％）发生轻度Frey’s综合征，无1例发生术区皮肤长期麻木、长期面瘫、涎瘘及肿瘤复发。结论：耳大神经各分支和腮腺筋膜具有不可代替的解剖生理功能，改良术式能将两者完好保留，显著降低术后并发症。     

Effect of adrenalin on inhibition of mitosis by a chalone in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma

Department of Biology, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 3, pp. 345–347, March, 1988.     

Validation of low-cost models for minimal invasive surgery training of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia

BackgroundMinimal invasive surgery (MIS) is increasingly used for the correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and esophageal atresia (EA). It is important to master these complex procedures, preferably preclinically, to avoid complications. The aim of this study was to validate recently developed models to train these MIS procedures preclinically.MethodsTwo low cost, reproducible models (one for CDH and one for EA) were validated during several pediatric surgical conferences and training sessions (January 2017–December 2018), used in either the LaparoscopyBoxx or EoSim simulator. Participants used one or both models and completed a questionnaire regarding their opinion on realism (face validity) and didactic value (content validity), rated on a five-point-Likert scale.ResultsOf all 60 participants enrolled, 44 evaluated the EA model. All items were evaluated as significantly better than neutral, with means ranging from 3.7 to 4.1 (p < 0.001). The CDH model was evaluated by 48 participants. All items scored significantly better than neutral (means 3.5–3.9, p < 0.001), with exception of the haptics of the simulated diaphragm (mean 3.3, p = 0.054). Both models were considered a potent training tool (means 3.9).ConclusionThese readily available and low budget models are considered a valid and potent training tool by both experts and target group participants.Type of studyProspective study.Level of evidenceLevel II.     

Comparative analysis of radiometric and autoradiographic methods in the investigation of DNA synthetic activity of tumor cells in vitro

DNA synthesis in cell cultures of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was studied by means of autoradiography and liquid scintillation radiometry. The following parameters were compared for estimation of DNA synthesis: a) total radioactivity of incorporated [H-3]thymidine registered by a liquid scintillation counter, b) labeling index (LI) reflecting the relative number of cells which synthesize DNA, and c) mean grain count (MGC) indicating average intensity of DNA synthesis in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Kinetics of total radioactivity of incorporated [H-3]thymidine was determined to correlate better with LI. Changes in DNA synthesis in vitro were shown to be monitored with a higher level of significance by the radiometric technique, but autoradiography was more sensitive in some cases. Priority and informative value of the two methods were discussed. Autoradiography and liquid scintillation radiometry were concluded to be mutually complementary for investigation of DNA synthesis in tumor cells in vitro. Combination of the two methods was recommended for investigation of influence of cell proliferation inhibitors on DNA synthesis.