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211.
Melve KK Gjessing HK Skjaerven R Oyen N 《Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica》2000,79(6):459-464
AIM: To investigate whether variations in birth length (crown-heel-length) were associated with perinatal mortality rate independent of birth weight. MATERIAL: The study population was singleton live- and stillbirths from 16 weeks of gestation compiled in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway from 1967 to 1997, totaling 1,705,652 births. METHOD: The total population was analyzed using z-scores for length at birth, birth weight and gestational age. Variation in perinatal mortality by length at birth was studied within birth weight strata (250 g) by logistic regression. RESULTS: Perinatal mortality varied more by birth length than by birth weight or gestational age, especially for values above the population means. Within birth weight strata, the association between perinatal mortality and length was similar in all 250 g birth weight categories above 1,500 grams: mortality was lowest at birth lengths 0-2 cm below average, with mortality rates increasing exponentially in either direction. CONCLUSION: Within all birth weight strata, and adjusted for gestational age, long infants had the higher risk of perinatal death, suggesting that length at birth may be a valuable predictor when assessing the risk of perinatal mortality. 相似文献
212.
Bjørg Evjen-Olsen Sven Gudmund Hinderaker Rolv Terje Lie Per Bergsjø Peter Gasheka Gunnar Kvåle 《BMC public health》2008,8(1):52
Background
Tanzania has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to the paucity of epidemiological information on maternal deaths, and the high maternal mortality estimates found earlier in the study area, our objective was to assess determinants of maternal deaths in a rural setting in the highlands of northern Tanzania by comparing the women dying of maternal causes with women from the same population who had attended antenatal clinics in the same time period. 相似文献213.
Daniel Pope Esperanza Diaz Tone Smith-Sivertsen Rolv T. Lie Per Bakke John R. Balmes Kirk R. Smith Nigel G. Bruce 《Environmental health perspectives》2015,123(4):285-292
Background
With 40% of the world’s population relying on solid fuel, household air pollution (HAP) represents a major preventable risk factor for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Meta-analyses have confirmed this relationship; however, constituent studies are observational, with virtually none measuring exposure directly.Objectives
We estimated associations between HAP exposure and respiratory symptoms and lung function in young, nonsmoking women in rural Guatemala, using measured carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in exhaled breath and personal air to assess exposure.Methods
The Randomized Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects (RESPIRE) Guatemala study was a trial comparing respiratory outcomes among 504 women using improved chimney stoves versus traditional cookstoves. The present analysis included 456 women with data from postintervention surveys including interviews at 6, 12, and 18 months (respiratory symptoms) and spirometry and CO (ppm) in exhaled breath measurements. Personal CO was measured using passive diffusion tubes at variable times during the study. Associations between CO concentrations and respiratory health were estimated using random intercept regression models.Results:
Respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, wheeze, or chest tightness) during the previous 6 months were positively associated with breath CO measured at the same time of symptom reporting and with average personal CO concentrations during the follow-up period. CO in exhaled breath at the same time as spirometry was associated with lower lung function [average reduction in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec) for a 10% increase in CO was 3.33 mL (95% CI: –0.86, –5.81)]. Lung function measures were not significantly associated with average postintervention personal CO concentrations.Conclusions:
Our results provide further support for the effects of HAP exposures on airway inflammation. Further longitudinal research modeling continuous exposure to particulate matter against lung function will help us understand more fully the impact of HAP on COPD.Citation:
Pope D, Diaz E, Smith-Sivertsen T, Lie RT, Bakke P, Balmes JR, Smith KR, Bruce NG. 2015. Exposure to household air pollution from wood combustion and association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in nonsmoking women: results from the RESPIRE Trial, Guatemala. Environ Health Perspect 123:285–292; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408200 相似文献214.
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216.
Prativa Basnet Rolv Skjærven Linn Marie Sørbye Nils-Halvdan Morken Kari Klungsøyr Aditi Singh Janne Mannseth Quaker E. Harmon Liv Grimstvedt Kvalvik 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》2023,37(1):19-27