Studies on capsaicin inhibition of chemically induced lipid peroxidation in the lung and liver tissues of rat

Previous work from this laboratory has already indicated that capsaicin, stabilizes the rat lung membrane lipid system on long-term treatment. This stabilization of the membrane is further supported by our present findings that capsaicin pretreatment causes significant inhibition of various chemically induced lipid peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Both in vivo and in vitro studies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Both in vivo and in vitro studies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes induced by different chemical irritants such as chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride as well as ferrous sulphate.     

Biotype traits and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 before, during and after the emergence of the O139 serogroup.

Sixty-nine strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated at different times were analysed to investigate if there were any differences among the O1 strains isolated before, during and after the advent of the O139 serogroup. Of the 69 O1 strains examined, 68 belonged to the Ogawa serotype while one belonged to the Inaba serotype. With the exception of one strain all other strains of V. cholerae O1 belonged to the eltor biotype. A single O1 strain isolated before the emergence of the O139 serogroup could not be classified as either eltor or classical biotype because it was resistant to both classical and eltor specific bacteriophages. Marked variations in the susceptibility to antibiotics of V. cholerae O1 isolated during the different periods were observed. In addition, strains of V. cholerae isolated after the epidemic of serogroup O139 in Calcutta showed an expanding R-type with resistance to a variety of drugs as compared to the O1 strains isolated before the advent of the O139 serogroup. From this study, it is clear that there is a substantial mobility in genetic elements of V. cholerae O1 which necessitates a continuous monitoring to keep abreast of the changing traits of the etiologic agent of cholera.     

Immunomodulation during prolonged treatment with combined interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha in patients with advanced malignancy.

Treatment with combined IL-2 and alpha-IFN has resulted in synergistic antitumour efficacy in animal studies. The mechanisms responsible for this synergy remain unclear. In this study, several immune parameters which might be involved in mediating antitumour activity have been monitored serially in 15 patients with advanced malignant melanoma or renal cell cancer during treatment with concurrent IL-2 and alpha-IFN. Both drugs were given subcutaneously in low to moderate (outpatient) dosages but for a prolonged duration. This treatment resulted in remarkable immunomodulation. In vivo induction of cytotoxicity against K562 and Daudi target cells was consistently seen, and percentages of peripheral blood cells expressing CD 25 (IL-2 receptor) and CD 56 (Leu-19) increased. In vitro proliferation of lymphocytes in response to IL-2 was enhanced during the treatment periods, whereas spontaneous proliferation was inhibited. Moreover, correlations between immune parameters and subsequent clinical responses were present in the early phase of the study. Cytotoxicity levels generated in vivo as well as the percentage of CD 56+ lymphocytes were higher in patients who responded to treatment than in non-responders. In contrast, responders had lower levels of CD 25+ cells. These findings indicate that it might be possible to select patients who are likely to benefit from prolonged immunotherapy.     

Epidemiological study of the victims of vehicular accidents in Delhi.

The mortality and morbidity connected with road traffic accidents are increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world as a direct result of the rapid industrialization and increase of fast moving vehicles combined with lack of traffic sense of road users of this country. Epidemiological aspects manifested in vehicular accidents in New Delhi during the year 1983-84 are illustrated here.     

Coagulation factor deficiency as a cause of recurrent fetal loss: a red herring!

Whether severe coagulation factor deficiency can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes or recurrent fetal loss is not definitely known. We report here on five women with severe deficiency of coagulation factors (two factor X, one factor XI, one factor VII and one von Willebrand factor) who presented with history of unexplained fetal loss or with adverse pregnancy outcome. Detailed investigations of thrombophilia showed that four patients were positive for antiphospholipid antibodies, one of whom was also homozygous for the plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 4G/4G polymorphism, and the fifth patient was deficient for protein C. Despite the concomitant presence of both coagulation factor defect and thrombophilia, fetal loss may be attributed to factor defect that in reality is a red herring, with underlying thrombophilia not being evaluated.     

DNA polymerase beta mutations in human colorectal cancer.

Increasing numbers of alterations have been found in protooncogenes (e.g., ras, myc), as well as tumor suppressor genes (e.g., p53, Rb) in various types of tumors. The multiple mutations cannot be explained by the spontaneous mutation rate. It has been suggested that mutator phenotypes leading to the accumulation of these mutations may be required in the early stages of tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, the entire coding region of DNA polymerase beta, a repair enzyme, mRNA from colorectal tumors, and corresponding normal mucosa were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. Mutations in the catalytic domain of DNA polymerase beta were detected in colorectal tumor specimens compared to the normal colorectal mucosa, placenta, and blood samples. Since these mutations changed the structure of polymerase beta, it is expected that the efficiency of the DNA repair system would be impaired and thus may account for the high mutation rate observed in colorectal carcinomas.     

Long-term neuroretinal full-thickness transplants in a large animal model of severe retinitis pigmentosa

Background The purpose of this study was to explore neuroretinal transplantation in a large animal model of severe retinitis pigmentosa and to establish graft development, long-term survival, graft-host integration, and effects on the host retina. Methods Rhodopsin transgenic pigs, aged 6 months, received in one eye a fetal full-thickness neuroretinal sheet in the subretinal space by means of vitrectomy and retinotomy. Six months postoperatively, eyes were studied in the light microscope and with immunohistochemical markers. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) was performed at 4 and 6 months. Results Laminated grafts with well-organized photoreceptors, rod bipolar cells, and Müller cells were found in five of six eyes. Neuronal connections between graft and host retina were not seen. In the five eyes containing a graft, the number of surviving rods in the host retina was significantly higher compared with unoperated eyes. The ERG did not reveal any significant difference in b-wave amplitude between operated and control eyes, but the cone-derived response in operated eyes increased significantly from 4 to 6 months while the rod response in control eyes decreased significantly. Conclusions Fetal full-thickness neuroretina can be transplanted safely to an eye with severe retinal degeneration. In their major part, the transplants develop a normal laminated morphology and survive for at least 6 months. Graft and host retinal neurons do not form connections. Retinal function in the host is reduced initially by the surgical trauma, but the presence of a well-laminated graft counteracts this effect and rescues rods from degeneration. Supported by The Foundation Fighting Blindness (grant# C-NC02-798-0078), The Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, The Swedish Research Council, The Princess Margaretas Foundation for Blind Children, The 2nd ONCE International Award for New Technologies for the Blind.