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61.
62.
A N Stanton 《Archives of disease in childhood》2003,88(8):699-701
AIMS: To identify any association between sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) and maltreatment within local families. METHODS: Retrospective enquiry and subsequent follow up of all siblings and later births within the families. Full investigation of the circumstances of all unexpected deaths. Setting: Scarborough and Bridlington Health Districts and Trusts, North and East Yorkshire. SUBJECTS: All local families losing a baby from SUDI, 1982-96. Follow up to end of 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Court judgements and the objective decisions of legally constituted Social Services Case Conferences to place siblings on the Child Protection Register (CPR), or provide equivalent safeguards. RESULTS: Sixty nine families had 72 unexpected deaths; three families had two deaths, with two families raising maltreatment issues. Three families had other children subsequently put on the CPR, all identifiable as likely problems of maltreatment at the time of the single SUDI. In 64/69 families, no child protection issues were formally raised at the time of the SUDI; 41/64 of these families already had 63 children. Four families were lost to follow up after the SUDI; 52/60 of the remaining families have had 93 more children without objective evidence of maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS: The association of SUDI and maltreatment within families was at the lower end of previous estimates, 3-10%. Child protection intervention is rarely needed, but investigation and follow up for maltreatment is mandatory where apparent life threatening episodes are reported with a second baby, and after a recurrence of apparent SUDI. 相似文献
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Robin M Carter-Visscher Amy E Naugle Kathryn M Bell Michael K Suvak 《Journal of trauma & dissociation》2007,8(3):27-55
This study examined ethical concerns related to exposing participants with childhood victimization histories to both trauma-specific and non-trauma-specific stimuli. We asked participants questions about childhood victimization experiences and exposed participants to a negatively-arousing experimental condition. Following each of these procedures and at a one-week follow-up session, participants completed a measure designed to asses their reactions to participation. The measure included several questions to assess reactions including questions about distress, benefit, and willingness to participate in the study again. Overall, participants reported low levels of distress and described their participation experience as interesting, enjoyable, and somewhat beneficial. Participants also indicated that they would be willing to participate in the study again with the knowledge of what participation was actually like. Participants with childhood trauma histories and PTSD symptoms reported more distress during the childhood maltreatment screening compared to other participants. However, the level of distress they experienced was mild and transitory. Our findings add to the emerging data indicating that individuals find their participation in trauma-related research to be a positive experience overall, rather than a harmful one. 相似文献
66.
Helen Herrman Bruce Singh Hilary Schofield Robin Eastwood Philip Burgess Virginia Lewis Richard Scotton 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》1993,17(3):261-266
Abstract: Informal caregivers are the families and other unpaid caregivers in the home who support people of all ages with severe and chronic mental or physical disabilities. Home care of this sort has been increasing over the past 30 years because of the reduced number of beds in hospitals and nursing homes and increased outpatient and community care. Moreover, with an aging population and increasing rates of disability, the demand for family caregiving will continue to rise. This has important implications for the development of health, community service and social policy. At the same time, however, very little is known about the impact such changes are having on the caregivers of various ages and in various circumstances. The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation is funding a research and intervention program in Melbourne to promote wellbeing and prevent ill-health in caregivers. 相似文献
67.
Claire Corot Jean-Marc Idee Anne-Marie Hentsch Robin Santus Catherine Mallet Valrie Goulas Bruno Bonnemain Dominique Meyer 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1998,8(3):695-702
Transmetallation between commercially available solutions of gadolinium (Gd) chelates and the zinc (Zn)-dependent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated. In vitro, the strongest inhibitions were observed for the linear Gd complexes, Gd diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) bis-methylamide (BMA) (IC50 = .016 ± .006 mmol/1) and Gd-DTPA (IC50 = .350 ± .034 mmol/1). The two macrocycles Gd tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and Gd-HP-DO3A were similar and 400 times less active than Gd-DTPA-BMA. These effects were mainly due to the presence of free ligand for DTPA and calcium (Ca) chelate in the case of DTPA-BMA because the addition of Zn2+ in the same quantities suppresses their inhibitory effects. In vivo, these two solutions of linear Gd chelates significantly inhibited ACE activity (Gd-DTPA: 67 ± 9% versus baseline; and Gd-DTPA-BMA: 73 ± 2% versus baseline at the clinical dose of .1 mmol/kg), whereas no significant effect was observed for the two macrocyclic chelates Gd-DOTA and Gd-HP-DO3A. Formulating the Gd chelate solution with either an excess of free ligand or Ca chelate (to decrease Gd3+ release) in the case of linear Gd chelate may have deleterious biologic consequences. 相似文献
68.
Using various modalities, 480 patients were evaluated for thoracic outlet compression syndrome. Of this group, 300 patients were eventually diagnosed as having thoracic outlet syndrome after extensive evaluation. Ninety of these patients underwent a total of 103 operative procedures for thoracic outlet decompression. Nerve conduction velocities and directional Doppler studies were the most useful adjuncts in making the diagnosis. Surgical therapy after proper selection yielded an 80.6 per cent long-term "good" operative result and an additional 6.9 per cent long-term "fair" operative result in follow-up to 12 years. 相似文献
69.
Hamstring injuries in sprinting - the role of eccentric exercise 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper assesses a specific connective tissue insufficiency induced hamstring injury occurring in the late swing/early stance phase of sprinting and jumping activities. A literature review related to hamstring injury demonstrates that eccentric muscle action is capable of producing very high forces within the series elastic component (SEC) of the hamstrings in this phase of sprinting. These high forces have been shown to be related to hamstring injury. The utilization of eccentric exercise training regimens can prevent this injury by strengthening the SEC, resulting in a musculotendinous structure theoretically capable of both generating and withstanding higher eccentric and concentric forces.A clinical approach utilizing an eccentric exercise regimen designed to strengthen the hamstrings in the late swing/early stance phase is outlined. A pilot study investigating the exercise indicates it is a valid method of preventing and rehabilitating the hamstring injury in terms of the positions at risk while sprinting, the angular velocities achieved, and the torques produced. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;10(9):343-349. 相似文献
70.
Given that knowledge regarding the etiology of comorbidity between disorders can have a significant impact on research regarding the classification, treatment, and etiology of the disorders, the ability to reject incorrect hypotheses regarding the causes of comorbidity is very important. A simulation study was conducted to assess the validity of the Neale and Kendler (1995) model-fitting approach in examining the etiology of comorbidity between two disorders. First, data were simulated under the assumptions of the 13 alternative comorbidity models described by Neale and Kendler. Second, model-fitting analyses testing the comorbidity models were conducted on the simulated datasets. Thirteen sets of data with varying model parameters were simulated to test Neale and Kendler's assertion that their model-fitting approach is appropriate across a range of potential prevalences and degrees of familiality. The validity of the model-fitting approach in examining unselected twin data and a combination of selected family data and unselected family data was explored. The model-fitting approach successfully discriminated several classes of comorbidity models, although discrimination between models within classes of related models was less accurate. Results suggest that the model-fitting approach can be a useful tool in examining the etiology of the comorbidity between disorders if the caveats of the present study's results are considered carefully. As predicted by Neale and Kendler, variations in the disorder prevalences and familial correlations did not affect the validity of their model-fitting approach, but affected the power to discriminate the correct model. As suggested by Neale and Kendler, the model-fitting approach can be applied to both unselected and selected data and to both twin and family data. 相似文献