全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4442514篇 |
免费 | 341997篇 |
国内免费 | 14951篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 61492篇 |
儿科学 | 141791篇 |
妇产科学 | 116033篇 |
基础医学 | 676927篇 |
口腔科学 | 120059篇 |
临床医学 | 405082篇 |
内科学 | 806986篇 |
皮肤病学 | 109016篇 |
神经病学 | 376400篇 |
特种医学 | 172101篇 |
外国民族医学 | 765篇 |
外科学 | 667667篇 |
综合类 | 122428篇 |
现状与发展 | 25篇 |
一般理论 | 2711篇 |
预防医学 | 367094篇 |
眼科学 | 103474篇 |
药学 | 313426篇 |
26篇 | |
中国医学 | 12068篇 |
肿瘤学 | 223891篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 56827篇 |
2020年 | 36224篇 |
2019年 | 59276篇 |
2018年 | 75216篇 |
2017年 | 57661篇 |
2016年 | 63910篇 |
2015年 | 76822篇 |
2014年 | 111242篇 |
2013年 | 177231篇 |
2012年 | 130892篇 |
2011年 | 136625篇 |
2010年 | 128324篇 |
2009年 | 129337篇 |
2008年 | 122701篇 |
2007年 | 130925篇 |
2006年 | 139162篇 |
2005年 | 133548篇 |
2004年 | 134583篇 |
2003年 | 124537篇 |
2002年 | 113507篇 |
2001年 | 167309篇 |
2000年 | 162325篇 |
1999年 | 148997篇 |
1998年 | 72113篇 |
1997年 | 67936篇 |
1996年 | 65871篇 |
1995年 | 61252篇 |
1994年 | 55199篇 |
1993年 | 51186篇 |
1992年 | 106819篇 |
1991年 | 101554篇 |
1990年 | 97390篇 |
1989年 | 94978篇 |
1988年 | 87300篇 |
1987年 | 85446篇 |
1986年 | 80330篇 |
1985年 | 78534篇 |
1984年 | 65567篇 |
1983年 | 58357篇 |
1982年 | 47363篇 |
1981年 | 44010篇 |
1980年 | 41210篇 |
1979年 | 55223篇 |
1978年 | 44867篇 |
1977年 | 40076篇 |
1976年 | 36931篇 |
1975年 | 36887篇 |
1974年 | 39712篇 |
1973年 | 37836篇 |
1972年 | 35432篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 3 毫秒
991.
O Schouten J H H van Laanen E Boersma R Vidakovic H H H Feringa M Dunkelgrün J J Bax J Koning H van Urk D Poldermans 《European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery》2006,32(1):21-26
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of statins on aneurysm growth in a group of consecutive patients under surveillance for infrarenal aortic aneurysms (AAA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients (59 statin users, 91 non-users) under surveillance between January 2002 and August 2005 with a follow-up for aneurysm growth of at least 12 months and a minimum of three diameter evaluations were retrospectively included in the analysis. Multiple regression analysis, weighted with the number of observations, was performed to test the influence of statins on AAA growth rate. RESULTS: During a median period of 3.1 (1.1-13.1) years the overall mean aneurysm growth rate was 2.95+/-2.8 mm/year. Statin users had a 1.16 mm/year lower AAA growth rate compared to non-users (95% CI 0.33-1.99 mm/year). Increased age was associated with a slower growth (-0.09 mm/year per year, p = 0.003). Female gender (+1.82 mm/year, p = 0.008) and aneurysm diameter (+0.06 mm/year per mm, p = 0.049) were associated with increased AAA growth. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chronic lung disease, or other cardiovascular risk factors were not independently associated with AAA growth. CONCLUSIONS: Statins appear to be associated with attenuation of AAA growth, irrespective of other known factors influencing aneurysm growth. 相似文献
992.
Paul C. Willems Leon Elmans Patricia G. Anderson Wilco C. H. Jacobs Dick B. van der Schaaf Marinus de Kleuver 《European spine journal》2006,15(10):1487-1494
The results of lumbar fusion in chronic low back pain (LBP) patients vary considerably, and there is a need for proper patient selection. Lumbosacral orthoses have been widely used to predict outcome, however, with little scientific support. The aim of the present study was to determine the value of a pantaloon cast test in selecting chronic LBP patients for lumbar fusion or conservative management. First, a systematic review of the literature was carried out in which two independent reviewers identified studies in Medline, Cochrane and Current Contents databases. Three papers met the selection criteria. In the only study with a control group, a significantly better outcome after fusion compared to conservative treatment was found in patients who reported significant pain relief while in a cast (i.e. a positive cast test). The results of lumbar fusion, however, were not significantly different for patients with a positive and those with a negative cast test. In addition to the review, a clinical cohort study of 257 LBP patients, who had been allocated to either lumbar fusion or conservative management by a temporary external transpedicular fixation trial, was performed. Prior to allocation, all had undergone a pantaloon cast test. Patients with no history of prior spine surgery and with a positive pantaloon cast test had a better outcome after lumbar fusion than those treated conservatively (P = 0.002, χ
2 test). In patients with previous spine operations the outcomes were poor and the test was of no value. From the literature and the present patient cohort, it was concluded that only in chronic LBP patients without prior spine surgery, a pantaloon cast test with substantial pain relief suggests a favorable outcome of lumbar fusion compared to conservative management. The test has no value in patients who have had previous spine surgery. 相似文献
993.
The vagal nerve as a link between the nervous and immune system in the instance of polymicrobial sepsis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Wolfram Kessler Tobias Traeger Alexandra Westerholt Friederike Neher Marlene Mikulcak Antje Müller Stefan Maier Claus-Dieter Heidecke 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2006,391(2):83-87
Background The role of the vagal nerve in the autonomic nervous system is widely well known. Recently, an additional function was revealed
serving as a connector between the nervous and immune system. This connection is called the “cholinergic inflammatory pathway.”
Through stimulation of the acetylcholine receptors located upon the macrophages, the “unspecific” immune system can be directly
influenced.
Methods The vagal nerve was completely transected directly posterior to its passage through the diaphragm. The effect of complete
vagotomy was analyzed using a murine model of polymicrobial peritonitis (colon ascendens stent peritonitis, CASP). Survival
and clinical course of vagotomized or sham-operated mice were analyzed in the CASP model.
Results After CASP surgery, vagotomy led to a significantly increased mortality (64.7%) in comparison to sham-vagotomized animals
(34%). No difference in the bacterial load of various tissues (lung, liver, spleen, blood, lavage fluid, and kidney) from
septic animals with or without vagotomy was observed. Vagotomized animals reveal elevated serum cytokine levels (TNF, IL-6,
IL-10, and MCP-1) 20 h after the induction of polymicrobial peritonitis.
Conclusion The vagal nerve is therefore an important modulator of the immune system.
W. Kessler and T. Traeger contributed equally to this work
Best of Forum Papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the German Society of Surgery, 2–5 May 2006, Berlin, Germany 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
997.
Zusammenfassung Viele gastrointestinale Tumoren werden im Rahmen multimodaler Therapiekonzepte behandelt. Für den Chirurgen ist die neoadjuvante, präoperative Behandlung von besonderem Interesse, da sie durch therapiebedingte Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen zu einer Beeinflussung des postoperativen Verlaufs führen kann. Die neoadjuvante Radiochemotherapie ist fester Bestandteil der Therapie beim primären T4-Rektumkarzinom, beim Rektumkarzinomrezidiv und bei tief sitzenden primären Rektumkarzinomen. Durch Erhöhung der R0-Resektionsrate können die lokale Tumorkontrolle verbessert und die Überlebenszeit verlängert werden. Die postoperative Komplikationsrate ist dabei nicht wesentlich erhöht. In der Behandlung des primär resektablen Ösophaguskarzinoms deutet sich ein Vorteil der neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapie im Vergleich zur alleinigen Chirurgie an. Beim lokal fortgeschrittenen Ösophaguskarzinom bietet die präoperative Radiochemotherapie häufig die einzige Chance zur Resektion, jedoch mit einer deutlich erhöhten postoperativen Morbidität und Mortalität. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit einer neoadjuvanten Chemo- oder kombinierten Radiochemotherapie beim fortgeschrittenen Magenkarzinom wird derzeit im Rahmen von Studienprotokollen untersucht. 相似文献
998.
Efficacy of proton pump inhibitors for cellular proliferation and apoptosis in Barrett's oesophagus with different mucin phenotypes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
999.
Published data devoted to making and characterization of the properties of polymeric wound dressings with proteolytic action
are reviewed. These data are indicative of individual dependence of the physicochemical properties, activity, and stability
of each particular enzyme on the type of polymer matrix and the method of immobilization. In order to obtain wound dressings,
which are active in physiological medium and retain their activity upon sterilization, it is necessary to optimize the composition
and characteristics of a polymer matrix and the enzyme included into its structure.
__________
Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 24–28, August, 2006. 相似文献
1000.
Oral Saygun Serdar Topaloglu Fatih M Avsar Hakan Ozel Sema Hucumenoglu Mustafa Sahin Suleyman Hengirmen 《Canadian journal of surgery》2006,49(2):107-112
BACKGROUND: Most duodenal injuries are managed with primary repair, but the degree of duodenal-wall injury may threaten the integrity of the primary repair. Therefore, we evaluated whether the primary repair site could be reinforced with histoacryl glue (HAG) or HAG with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) mesh. METHODS: Grade 3 duodenal injury in the second portion of the rat duodenum was chosen as a standard trauma model. Thirty-three male rats were divided into sham (n = 3), 2-layer primary repair (n = 10), 1-layer primary repair plus HAG application (n = 10) and ePTFE attached with HAG over the 1-layer primary repair site (n = 10) groups. Ten-day survival, adhesion grades and histological assessment were taken as outcome measures. RESULTS: A significant survival advantage was identified in the group that had an ePTFE graft attached with HAG over a 1-layer repair when compared with the group that had a 2-layer primary repair. Adhesion grades were found to be particularly increased in the group that had an ePTFE graft attached with HAG over the primary repair site, moderately increased in the primary repair plus HAG application group and lower in the 2-layer primary repair group. ePTFE graft application was found to be beneficial to coverage of the HAG-dependent empty spaces in the serosal layer. CONCLUSIONS: A primary repair site after duodenal trauma or a difficult duodenal stump can be reinforced with the application of HAG or ePTFE graft implantation with HAG. 相似文献