Duplication of (2)(q11.1‐q13.2) in a boy with mental retardation and cleft lip and palate: Another clefting gene locus on proximal 2q?

A 4‐year‐old boy with left cleft lip and cleft palate, multiple minor anomalies and developmental delay revealed an abnormal chromosome 2 with enlarged proximal long arm, de novo, in his karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome 2 library and band‐specific YACs confined the duplicated segment to 2q11.1‐q13.2 and indicated a direct tandem duplication due to unbalanced crossover between chromatids. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Effect of nasolacrimal occlusion on timolol concentrations in the aqueous humor of the human eye.

We studied the effect of manual nasolacrimal occlusion on the concentration of timolol in the aqueous humor of eyes of patients undergoing cataract extraction. Aqueous humor samples were obtained at various times after timolol maleate instillation from patients with or without 5 min of nasolacrimal occlusion; aliquots were assayed by HPLC. In patients receiving occlusion treatment, average timolol concentrations were statistically greater than those in control patients both between 15 and 90 min after instillation and also at 180 min. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that occlusion increased the concentration of timolol in the aqueous humor 1.7 times. In both groups, timolol concentrations were highest approximately 1 h after instillation. The decline in aqueous humor timolol concentrations occurred at similar rates in both groups.     

Sauerstoffbindun Gskurve,fetales Hämoglobin und Erythrocyten-Morphologie bei Frühgeborenen und Säuglingen

Zusammenfassung Aus unseren Untersuchungen ist abzuleiten, daß als Erklärung für die Lageänderung der O₂-Bindungskurve bei Säuglingen der Abbau des HbF als einzige Ursache nicht ausreicht. Es konnten hingegen mehrere bisher unbekannte, gleichsinnig verlaufende Veränderungen im Blut aufgedeckt werden, die bei künftigen Untersuchungen dieser Zusammenhänge beachtet werden müssen.     

Comparative experimental study of argon plasma and bipolar coagulation techniques

Summary Background. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is based on the principle of ionised argon creating conductive plasma between an activating electrode and tissue surface and is used as an effective alternative coagulation technique in various surgical disciplines. This trial aims to compare thermal injury in rat brain caused by APC and conventional bipolar coagulation technique. Methods. A controlled study design with constant power setting and application time was established. Twenty rats were randomised into the APC and bipolar groups. Each group of ten rats had 20 treated lesions. Early and late histopathological changes, as well as maximum extent of the lesion after 48 hours (h) and 12 days were studied in overall 20 lesions. Findings. Although the maximum depth of the lesions was different in APC (2.2 mm) and bipolar (1.8 mm) groups after 48 h, this did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.151). The superficially coagulated area was significantly larger after APC compared with the bipolar technique at the 48 h time point (p = 0.032). After twelve days there were no differences in penetration depth (p = 0.310) or coagulated area (p = 0.222). Conclusion. Tissue defects after APC application on rat brains were comparable to conventional bipolar technique in this trial. The results suggest that argon plasma coagulation (APC) is an effective coagulation technique.