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排序方式: 共有571条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
91.
Moet FJ Pahan D Schuring RP Oskam L Richardus JH 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2006,193(3):346-353
BACKGROUND: Close contacts of patients with leprosy have a higher risk of developing leprosy. Several risk factors have been identified, including genetic relationship and physical distance. Their independent contributions to the risk of developing leprosy, however, have never been sufficiently quantified. METHODS: Logistic-regression analysis was performed on intake data from a prospective cohort study of 1037 patients newly diagnosed as having leprosy and their 21,870 contacts. RESULTS: Higher age showed an increased risk, with a bimodal distribution. Contacts of patients with paucibacillary (PB) leprosy with 2-5 lesions (PB2-5) and those with multibacillary (MB) leprosy had a higher risk than did contacts of patients with single-lesion PB leprosy. The core household group had a higher risk than other contacts living under the same roof and next-door neighbors, who again had a higher risk than neighbors of neighbors. A close genetic relationship indicated an increased risk when blood-related children, parents, and siblings were pooled together. CONCLUSIONS: Age of the contact, the disease classification of the index patient, and physical and genetic distance were independently associated with the risk of a contact acquiring leprosy. Contact surveys in leprosy should be not only focused on household contacts but also extended to neighbors and consanguineous relatives, especially when the patient has PB2-5 or MB leprosy. 相似文献
92.
Vonk AG Netea MG van der Meer JW Kullberg BJ 《Expert opinion on biological therapy》2006,6(9):891-903
The different manifestations of Candida albicans infection are dictated by an underlying defect in the immune response of the host. Protective immunity to disseminated candidiasis, the manifestation of C. albicans infection discussed in this review, has traditionally been ascribed to innate immunity with emphasis on the role of granulocytes. Lately, however, immunological studies have learned that host defence against disseminated candidiasis is based on a complex interplay between innate and cell-mediated immunity. Despite the availability of new antifungal agents, mortality associated with disseminated C. albicans infection remains high. Immunotherapy that augments host defence is an important strategic option in the battle against disseminated candidiasis. Here, the authors review the chronological events in the pathogenesis of disseminated candidiasis that aid in predicting the impact of existing immunotherapy and the development of future immunomodulating strategies. 相似文献
93.
Sergeeva LI Keurentjes JJ Bentsink L Vonk J van der Plas LH Koornneef M Vreugdenhil D 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2006,103(8):2994-2999
The possible role of the sucrose-splitting enzymes sucrose synthase and invertase in elongating roots and hypocotyls of Arabidopsis was tested by using a combination of histochemical methods and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Lengths of roots and hypocotyls correlated better with invertase activities than with sucrose synthase activities. The highest correlations were observed with activities in the elongating zones of roots. The genetic basis of these correlations was studied by using QTL analysis. Several loci, affecting invertase activity, colocated with loci that had an effect on root or hypocotyl length. Further fine mapping of a major locus for root length, but not for hypocotyl length (top chromosome 1), consistently showed colocation with the locus for invertase activity containing a gene coding for a vacuolar invertase. The analysis of a functional knockout line confirmed the role of this invertase in root elongation, whereas other invertase genes might play a role in hypocotyl elongation. Thus, we show the power of QTL analysis, combined for morphological and biochemical traits, followed by fine-mapping and mutant analysis, in unraveling the function of genes and their role in growth and development. 相似文献
94.
Koetse HA Vonk RJ Gonera-De Jong GB Priebe MG Antoine JM Stellaard F Sauer PJ 《Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology》2006,41(1):37-41
OBJECTIVE: Small intestinal mucosal damage can result in decreased lactase activity (LA). When LA is low in a small-bowel biopsy (SBB) specimen, a reduction of dietary lactose intake is usually advised. This is often done by reducing dietary dairy products, which also reduces the intake of calcium, protein and vitamins. Since intestinal damage can have a patchy character and LA varies along the horizontal axis of the small intestine, the relevance of SBB measurement for intestinal LA could be questioned. We compared LA in the SBB with the in vivo capacity to digest lactose using the Lactose Digestion Index (LDI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: LA was measured in 18 children aged 0.8-10.9 years (mean 3.9, SD 2.4) undergoing SBB for various indications. In all children the LDI was determined using the (13)C-lactose/(2)H-glucose test. RESULTS: In 9/18 biopsy specimens LA was low (<10 U/g protein). LDI was normal in 14/18 patients. In 8 out of 9 patients with normal lactase activity, LDI was also normal, while in 6 out of 9 patients LDI was normal despite low LA in the biopsy. In patients with normal LDI, histology was normal in 6/14, in 4/14 mild histological changes (Marsh II) were seen and in 4 patients histological damage was severe (grade III). CONCLUSIONS: In children with small-bowel mucosal damage, lactose digestive capacity can remain high despite low LA and histological changes in an SBB. Extrapolation of LA in SBB specimens to overall lactose digestive capacity may not be reliable. The advice concerning the restriction of intake of dairy products cannot be based on the data of the SBB only. 相似文献
95.
H. A. Koetse F. Stellaard C. M. A. Bijleveld H. Elzinga R. Boverhof R. van der Meer R. J. Vonk P. J. J. Sauer 《Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology》2013,48(1):35-40
Background: The aim of the study was to diagnose hypolactasia with a higher accuracy than with the traditional H2 breath test. Methods: We used a combined 13C-lactose 13CO2/H2 breath test, which was performed in 33 patients in whom lactase activity was measured. Results: Lactase activity was reduced in 13 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the H2 test were 54% and 90%; those of the 13CO2 test 69% and 70%. False-negative results did not always occur in the same patients. In five of six patients with both test results abnormal, lactase activity was low. In 13 of 15 patients with both test results normal, lactase activity was normal. In 6 of 12 cases with only 1 test abnormal, lactase activity was low. Conclusion: The combined H2/13CO2 breath test (sensitivity, 85%; specificity, 65%) is more adequate for diagnosis of hypolactasia than the H2 breath test alone. 相似文献
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99.
Schmeink CE Bekkers RL Josefsson A Richardus JH Berndtsson Blom K David MP Dobbelaere K Descamps D 《Vaccine》2011,29(49):9276-9283