蒙药砂蓝刺头定性与定量质量控制方法研究

目的建立砂蓝刺头Echinops gmelini的质量控制方法。方法采用薄层色谱法,以三氯甲烷-醋酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸(6∶1∶1∶0.8)为展开剂对砂蓝刺头花中1-甲基-4-甲氧基-8-(β-D-葡萄吡喃型糖苷)-2(1H)-喹啉酮(MMQ)进行定性鉴别;建立砂蓝刺头HPLC指纹图谱,并对MMQ的含量测定方法进行研究。结果建立的TLC方法对照品斑点清晰,分离度好;建立的指纹图谱分析方法能够区分砂蓝刺头与近源植物,标定了8个特征峰,并指认出其中4个成分。定量方法测定结果显示MMQ在2.024~151.800μg/mL呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为101.54%,RSD为1.46%。7批样品中MMQ的质量分数为0.13%~0.53%。结论建立的质量控制方法科学、可靠,可为砂蓝刺头质量标准的建立提供实验依据。     

激光针刀结合等离子刀髓核融解术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛临床研究

目的:观察激光针刀结合等离子刀髓核融解术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的临床疗效.方法:将经临床检查和椎间盘造影确诊的80例椎间盘源性腰痛患者随机分为2组,治疗组采用激光针刀结合等离子刀髓核融解术治疗.对照组采用椎体融合内固定术治疗,应用VAS,Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)进行治疗前后评价.结果:治疗组VAS,Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODD明显优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义.结论:激光针刀结合等离子刀髓核融解术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛近期疗效满意.     

CIN患者HPV感染亚型特点及宫颈锥切术后HPV感染转阴相关因素的研究

目的探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）患者人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染亚型特点,分析宫颈锥切术后HPV感染转阴的相关因素。方法选择本院接受两癌筛查HPV阳性的544例妇女为研究对象,回顾性分析HPV感染亚型分布特点,经病理确诊的CIN2和CIN3的患者采取宫颈锥切术治疗,探讨术后HPV感染转阴的相关因素。结果前3位感染亚型是HPV52型、HPV16型和HPV58型,分别占18.20%、13.05%和12.5%;宫颈锥切术后半年HPV转阴率为76.58%,单因素分析提示年龄、受教育程度、产次、病变程度、累及腺体和术后应用抗炎药与HPV转阴均无明显相关性,多因素分析提示术后性生活与HPV转阴存在相关性。结论 CIN患者以HPV52、HPV16型和HPV58型感染为主,宫颈锥切术治疗CIN效果明显,术后性生活可能是影响HPV感染转阴的相关因素。     

腰麻前预扩容在阑尾切除术中的临床应用

目的探讨腰麻前预扩容在阑尾切除术中的临床应用。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行阑尾切除术患者54例,分为腰麻(Ⅰ)组、扩容+腰麻(Ⅱ)组和硬膜外麻醉(Ⅲ)组,每组18例,Ⅱ组患者入室立即静脉快速输注羟乙基淀粉6mL/kg体重后开始进行腰麻,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组选择L2～3椎间隙向上注射0.5%布比卡因3mL,Ⅲ组选择T12～L1椎间隙向上置管后分次注射1.5%利多卡因直到满足手术要求。观察3组患者麻醉后5、10、15、20min和30min时的无创平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度SpO2、心率(HR)的变化、麻醉起效时间。结果 3组患者均顺利完成手术,Ⅲ组起效时间明显长于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血压变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ组在麻醉后5、10min血压下降明显(P<0.05),麻醉后5min心率升高明显(P<0.05),10min时恢复到麻醉前水平(P>0.05);其余各指标变化两组间差异无统计学意义。结论在腰麻醉前预扩容可显著稳定患者麻醉过程中的血流动力学变化。     

中药材扑克牌式趣味学习卡的设计与应用

目的:为提高中医药教学水平提供借鉴。方法:通过品种选编、图片采集、知识整理、样品制作等,设计制作扑克牌式学习卡,将常用中药材的实物彩图与知识要点印制成扑克牌形式的趣味学习卡,作为《中药材》等课程教学用品,并在《中药材》课堂进行应用与测评。结果:学习卡共设计5辑,每辑含4副扑克牌式学习卡,分别为原植物彩图、药材彩图、中文知识要点、英文知识要点。初样在实际教学应用中效果较好,通过扑克游戏和趣味记忆让学生掌握知识。结论:中药材扑克牌式趣味学习卡设计美观大方,简便易用,知识性与趣味性强,寓教于乐,能有效地促进教学效果,是教学良好的辅助工具,在中医药教学中具有开创性和启发性。     

Dll4-Notch信号传递途径在血管发生中的作用

血管发生(angiogenesis)依赖多种促进血管发生因子和抑制血管发生因子之综合的交互作用所调控。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和Notch信号传递途径(Notch signaling pathway)参与此过程。之前研究已证明Notch信号传递途径在胚胎发育和肿瘤血管发生(tumour angiogenesis)中扮演重要的角色,而最近研究则发现在血管发育过程中Dll4-Notch信号传递途径扮演着前所未知的新角色,并阐明因Notch信号传递减少而引起血管缺陷之机制,从而揭示破坏肿瘤血管发生的新药物靶点。本文着重于介绍Notch信号传递途径的组成;Dll4-Notch在血管发生中的作用;以及Dll4-Notch对肿瘤治疗的意义。     

转换西罗莫司治疗肾移植后高胆红素血症的临床观察

目的：对转换西罗莫司（SRL）并撤除钙调磷酸酶抑制剂（CNI）类药物对高胆红素血症影响及其安全性和可行性进行临床观察。方法：2006年2月～2007年11月对肾移植后伴有高胆红素血症患者37例转换SRL并撤除CNI类药物,观察转换后总胆红素（TB）水平变化、血清肌酐（Scr）变化和不良事件发生情况。结果：TB和直接胆红素（DB）由转换前的30．45μmol／L和10．10μmol／L下降至转换后的12．13μmol／L和3．7μmol／L（P〈0．01）。Scr和血尿酸（Ua）转换后较转换前均有较明显降低,肌酐清除率（Ccr）有所提高。移植肾和患者全部存活。不良事件主要为高脂血症。结论：转换SRI．治疗肾移植后高胆红素血症是有效和安全的。     

Experimental Tests and Numerical Simulations on the Ballistic Impact Response of a Highly Inhomogeneous Aluminium Foam

A sandwich structure is a composite material consisting of thin skins encapsulating a cellular core. Such structures have proven to be excellent energy absorbents and are frequently found in various types of protection. Even so, few studies exist in the open literature on the response of the core material itself under extreme loadings such as blast and impact. Since a blast load is usually accompanied by numerous fragments, it is important to understand and be able to predict the ballistic impact resistance of the often highly inhomogeneous cellular core materials in design. In this study, the ballistic impact response of an aluminium foam with a complex cell structure has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. First, an extensive material test program involving compression tests on cubic specimens loaded in the thickness direction of the foam was carried out to reveal the mechanical properties of the material. In addition, several of the specimens were scanned before testing using X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (XRMCT) to map the multi-scale topology and morphology of the material. These data were later analysed to extract density-variation plots in many different material orientations. Second, ballistic impact tests were conducted using a gas gun where rigid spheres were launched towards aluminium foam plates, and the ballistic limit velocity and curve of the foam material were established. Finally, numerical simulations of both the material tests and the ballistic impact tests were carried out using LS-DYNA and different modelling approaches based on the XRMCT data. It will be shown that, independent of the modelling strategy applied, good agreement between the experimental impact tests and the numerical predictions can be obtained. However, XRMCT data are important if the final goal is to numerically optimise and improve the behaviour of inhomogeneous foams with respect to energy absorption, thermal isolation, or similar properties.     

适于磁共振成像研究房水循环兔模型的建立

目的:建立适宜于房水循环MRI研究的动物模型。方法:新西兰白兔12只,随机分为2组,每组6只;实验组前房注入Gd-DTPA,对照组注入等量生理盐水后30s、30min、1h行MRI检查。结果:实验组不同时间点前房信号不同,对照组前房信号无变化。结论:该模型适于MRI对房水循环研究。     

Corrosion Behavior of Al Modified with Zn in Chloride Solution

Aluminum-based alloys have been considered candidate materials for cathodic protection anodes. However, the Al-based alloys can form a layer of alumina, which is a drawback in a sacrificial anode. The anodes must exhibit uniform corrosion to achieve better performance. Aluminum can be alloyed with Zn to improve their performance. In this sense, in the present research, the electrochemical corrosion performance of Al-xZn alloys (x = 1.5, 3.5, and 5 at.% Zn) exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl for 24 h was evaluated. Polarization curves, linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to identify the electrochemical behavior. The microstructure of the samples before the corrosion assessment was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, microstructures of the corroded surfaces were characterized using X-ray mappings via SEM. Polarization curves indicated that Zn additions changed the pseudo-passivation behavior from what pure Al exhibited in a uniform dissolution regime. Furthermore, the addition of Zn shifted the corrosion potential to the active side and increased the corrosion rate. This behavior was consistent with the proportional decrease in polarization resistance (R_p) and charge transfer resistance (R_ct) in the EIS. The analysis of EIS was done using a mathematical model related to an adsorption electrochemical mechanism. The adsorption of chloride at the Al-Zn alloy surface formed aluminum chloride intermediates, which controlled the rate of the process. The rate constants of the reactions of a proposed chemical mechanism were evaluated.