Environmental influences on energy balance-related behaviors: A dual-process view

Background  

Studies on the impact of the 'obesogenic' environment have often used non-theoretical approaches. In this journal's debate and in other papers authors have argued the necessity of formulating conceptual models for differentiating the causal role of environmental influences on behavior.     

From recipe to research: introducing undergraduate students to the nature of science using a hybrid practical course centred on drug discovery for neglected diseases

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Coagulation parameters of CPD fresh-frozen plasma and CPD cryoprecipitate-poor plasma after storage at 4 degrees C for 28 days

A pilot study was performed on the storage of plasma and cryosupernatant plasma at 4 degrees C for up to 28 days. Eight bags, four of CPD fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and four of CPD cryosupernatant plasma (CSP, plasma without cryoprecipitate), were sampled during storage for assays of pH; factors V, VIII, IX, and XI; fibrinogen; prothrombin time; activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); plasma protein electrophoresis; viscosity; and C1q binding. No changes were found in viscosity or the plasma protein electrophoretic pattern, and there was no detectable immune complex formation. The fibrinogen concentration remained constant, and the prothrombin time showed a gradual increase of 2.5 seconds for both groups of plasma. The labile coagulation factor V decreased gradually for FFP and CSP to 58 and 64 percent of its initial value, respectively (51 +/− 8% and 54 +/− 6% of the value of fresh pooled plasma). Factor VIII decreased to 36 percent of its initial value in FFP (48 +/− 14% of fresh pooled plasma). In CSP, factor VIII decreased after 28 days to 7 percent of its initial value (7 +/− 1% of fresh pooled plasma). The APTT increased for FFP from 28 to 35.8 +/− 1.1 seconds and for CSP from 36 to 49.5 +/− 4.9 seconds. The only chemical change observed for both plasmas was a rise in pH, from 7.27 to 7.56, after 28 days. The results of this pilot study indicate that FFP can be stored at 4 degrees C for 28 days with sufficient recovery of coagulation factors to maintain hemostasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Treatment of Type 1 Gaucher's Disease Affecting Bone with Aminohydroxypropylidene Bisphosphonate (Pamidronate)

Two patients with Type 1 (adult) Gaucher's disease and majorskeletal involvement with multiple fractures have been treatedwith the second generation bisphosphonate pamidronate for extensiveperiods. There was evidence of an immediate reduction in boneresorption, with increased calcium absorption (delayed in Patient1), improved calcium balance and maintained or improved bonedensity indices in the axial and peripheral skeleton. Therewas no evidence of immediate relapse on treatment cessation.No toxic effects of pamidronate treatment were identified andsubjective skeletal pain diminished in both patients. Histomorphometryof transiliac bone biopsies obtained before the start of treatment,after double in vivo tetracycline labelling, represents oneof the earliest reports of the quantitative findings in iliacbone invaded by Gaucher cells.