Going beyond “Basaloid neoplasm”: Fine needle aspiration cytology of epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland

Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy with variable cytologic findings. Its rarity, variable morphologic findings, and similarities with more common salivary gland entities make it a difficult cytologic diagnosis. As the name signifies, the key feature of this tumor is presence of an epithelial and myoepithelial component. However, when one of these two components is scant on the fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears, it may be overlooked. We present a case from a 62 year‐old female who presented to the clinic with a parotid nodule and episodes of sharp, throbbing pain. A fine needle aspiration was performed which revealed a highly cellular specimen comprised primarily of aggregates of cells with small, round nuclei and scant to absent cytoplasm. Abundant hyaline stromal material was also noted. The case was signed out as basaloid neoplasm with a recommendation for surgical resection. The subsequent resection specimen revealed EMC. By reviewing the FNA specimen following the surgical resection of the tumor, we were able to utilize the benefit of hindsight to more clearly identify the subtle, biphasic components of the tumor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:422–425. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

纵隔低密度肿块病变CT诊断

目的：提高纵隔低密度肿块病变ＣＴ诊断水平。材料与方法：回顾性分析５１例经临床、手术及病理确诊纵隔低密度肿块变的ＣＴ表现。结果：（１）不同纵隔低密度肿块病变均有其较特定的发病部位;（２）含脂肪密度肿块病变包括囊性畸胎瘤,脂肪瘤 低密度肿块为包括囊性淋巴管瘤,胸腺囊肿,支气管囊肿,心包囊肿,神经纤维瘤囊性变,囊性畸胎瘤,椎旁脓肿;（４）含气及水样密度肿块包括食管癌术后胸腔内胃,食管憩室;（５）２例胸腺     

A naturally occurring genetic variant in the human chorionic gonadotropin-beta gene 5 is assembly inefficient.

The hCGbeta gene family is composed of six homologous genes linked in tandem repeat on chromosome 19; the order of the genes is 7, 8, 5, 1, 2, and 3. Previous studies have shown that hCGbeta gene 5 is highly expressed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The purpose of our study was to identify naturally occurring polymorphisms in hCGbeta gene 5 and determine whether these alterations affected hCG function. The data presented here show that hCGbeta gene 5 was highly conserved in the 334 asymptomatic individuals and 41 infertile patients examined for polymorphisms using PCR followed by single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis. Most of the polymorphisms detected were either silent or located in intron regions. However, one genetic variant identified in beta gene 5 exon 3 was a G to A transition that changed the naturally occurring valine residue to methionine in codon 79 (V79M) in 4.2% of the random population studied. The V79M polymorphism was always linked to a silent C to T transition in codon 82 (tyrosine). To determine whether betaV79M hCG had biological properties that differed from those of wild-type hCG, a beta-subunit containing the V79M substitution was created by site-directed mutagenesis and was coexpressed with the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit in Chinese hamster ovary cells and 293T cells. When we examined betaV79M hCG biosynthesis, we detected atypical betaV79M hCG folding intermediates, including a betaV79M conformational variant that resulted in a beta-subunit with impaired ability to assemble with the alpha-subunit. The inefficient assembly of betaV79M hCG appeared to be independent of beta-subunit glycosylation or of the cell type studied, but, rather, was due to the inability of the betaV79M subunit to fold correctly. The majority of the V79M beta-subunit synthesized was secreted as unassembled free beta. Although the amount of alphabeta hCG heterodimer formed and secreted by betaV79M-producing cells was less than that by wild-type beta-producing cells, the hCG that was secreted as alphabeta V79M heterodimer exhibited biological activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type hCG.     

CT在骨科中的应用

目的 :探讨 CT在骨骼肌肉系统疾病的应用价值。方法 :回顾性分析经病理证实或临床随访证实的 15 89例骨骼肌肉系统病变的 CT资料 ,并与临床进行对照。结果 :创伤性病变 15 6例 ,涉及颅面骨、脊柱、四肢、骨盆等部位 ,CT可显示复杂部位的细小骨折 ,以及邻近组织的伴随改变。骨关节病 13 79例 ,包括骨关节退行性变 ,无菌性坏死和骨纤维异常增殖症 ,CT可显示椎间盘病变的程度和部位 ,对无菌性坏死及骨纤维异常增殖症亦有独特的诊断价值。骨关节感染性病变 6例 ,肿瘤性病变 13例 ,软组织病变 3 5例 ,对上述 3类疾病 CT亦可提供明确的诊断信息。结论 :CT在骨关节系统具有十分明确的诊断价值 ,可发现常规 X线不能发现的早期表现和微小改变 ,有利于临床制订治疗方案 ,并可用于临床治疗的疗效观察     

节细胞神经瘤CT诊断

目的 :探讨节细胞神经瘤的CT诊断。方法 :回顾性分析 4例经手术病理证实的节细胞神经瘤的CT表现 ,并结合相关文献复习 ,讨论其影像特征。结果 :肿瘤位于脊柱旁或肾上腺区 ,直径均 >3 .5cm ,呈卵圆形 ,有完整包膜 ,呈较均匀低密度或欠均匀 ,多数病灶内可见点状高密度钙化。增强扫描呈轻度均匀或欠均匀强化。结论 :节细胞有一定的CT影像特点 ,CT能作出正确的定位及较准确的定性诊断