Iopamidol arteriography: discomfort and pain

A double-blind, randomized study was performed to compare discomfort and pain associated with the use of iopamidol and Hypaque (diatrizoate sodium and diatrizoate meglumine) during iliofemoral runoff arteriography in 33 patients. Iopamidol caused substantially less discomfort and pain. The evaluation was helped by audiotaping the study and comparing patients' vocal responses to injections of these materials.     

深圳地区QCT骨密度正常值调查与临床诊断标准的探讨

目的　通过对深圳地区正常人群腰椎骨密度测量 ,获得本地区QCT骨密度正常参考值。方法　采用CT扫描机 ,羟磷灰石固体体模和QCT骨密度测量软件 ,选择了无骨质疏松疾病的正常人 1 0 2 8例 ,扫描第 3、第 4腰椎中层横断面 ,做QCT骨密度测量。对测量结果进行统计处理 ,得到男女人群骨峰值和年龄组均值。通过对年龄组数据进行不同标准的统计处理 ,探讨较为合理的诊断标准。通过不同的测量方法 (单纯松质和包括皮质 )的对比 ,探讨QCT与其他方法的差异。结果　根据 2 1～ 35岁年龄段统计出的骨峰值男性第 3腰椎为 1 65 85± 30 1 7,第 4腰椎为 1 70 95± 31 81。女性第 3腰椎为 1 75 33± 2 6 95 ,第 4腰椎为 1 81 97± 2 7 63。采用 4种不同的骨峰值降低标准统计骨质疏松症检出率 ,发现M 2 5 %组检出率偏高 ,M 30 %与M 2S较接近。包括皮质骨的测量降低敏感性。结论　进行深圳地区骨密度正常值调查 ,获得了男女人群骨峰值和年龄组均值 ,临床诊断建议采用骨峰值 30 %作为QCT测量诊断骨质疏松症的基本界限     

Antegrade internal ureteral stenting: a technical refinement

A pliable, easy to place, double pigtail, internal ureteral stent made of elastomeric polyurethane is described. The tapered distal pigtail end minimizes bladder irritation and the combination of a pusher and absorbable suture enables optimal placement of the proximal pigtail end in the renal pelvis. Ten stents used in eight patients remained functional without bladder irritation for a mean period of 8 months (range, 2-14 months).     

Consumer satisfaction: Some new twists to a not so old evaluation

Satisfaction with mental health services was assessed by client consumers. Clients also reported on their level of symptomatology. Results revealed that younger clients reported less satisfaction and symptomatology than older clients. Sex, ethnicity, and a prior history of treatment were unrelated to satisfaction, but males and blacks were found to report less distress than females and whites respectively. Results on the variables of marital status, fee, location of service, and referral source were confounded by program. Retardation and geriatric clients, who, as a group reported less satisfaction, were overrepresented in the never married, no fee, and residential setting variables, all of which showed lower levels of satisfaction. The same overrepresentation was true of the retardation group alone on the symptomatology measure. Consumer satisfaction and sympomatology were found unrelated.The authors wish to thank Stephen Banspach, Vanderbilt University, for his consultation and assistance with the statistical analysis. Copies of the instruments used are available from the respective author     

A new assay for T-cell mediated immunity to transplantation antigens.

The kinetics of circulating antigen sensitive T-cells were studied in Hartley strain guinea pig recipients of Shorthair strain first- and second-set skin allografts. Peripheral blood donor antigen sensitive T-cells (AST) were quantitated by the antigen-stimulated active rosette-forming T-cell (AgARFC) assay by incubating lymphocytes in the presence and in the absence of soluble transplantation antigens. The number of circulating AST/cu mm rose to maximum levels (1,165 +/- 272 SEM) by day 3 and fell sharply before first-set graft rejection (453 +/- 117 SEM) on day 7 after transplant. In contrast, there were no detectable antigen-sensitive cells when lymphocytes from both recipient and control guinea pigs were stimulated with soluble recipient-strain antigen. Significant numbers (212 +/- 159 SEM) of circulating AST remained through day 68 after first-set grafts. Following placement of sencon-set allografts on day 73, the AST disappeared from the circulation for 2.5 days and then rose to peak levels (825 +/- 167 SEM) in circulating AST (579 +/- 327 SEM) preceded rejection of second-set skin allografts. When control guinea pigs were immunized with a single dose of soluble donor antigens, a progressive increase in circulating AST (579 +/- 327 SEM) was found through day 17 after sensitization without the fall associated with graft rejection. The antigen-stimulated, rosette-forming T-cell assay may prove useful in the detection of cellular presensitization and in the monitoring of graft rejection in clinical transplantation.     

Effects on labile metabolites of temporal delay in freezing biopsy samples of dog myocardium in liquid nitrogen

Sudden hypothermia utilising liquid nitrogen has been used for immediate inhibition of metabolic reactions and preservation of labile compounds in heart muscle. It has been suggested that this rapid transfer of tissue into liquid nitrogen, within 1 to 2 s, is essential for accurate assessment of internal milieu conditions. We tested this hypothesis in normal dogs by measuring phosphocreatin, ATP, glycogen, and lactate concentrations in transmural layers of a core biopsy taken from the posterolateral wall of the left ventricle frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen or held at room temperature for varying times up to 300 s before freezing the tissue. The earliest significant change occurred in phosphocreatine levels after 60 s; only phosphocreatine demonstrated any changes within the first 120 s. These studies indicate that a delay of up to 30 s may be tolerated before freezing tissue without any change occurring in these labile metabolites.     

高催乳素血症的垂体CT表现

80例临床疑垂体肿瘤的高催乳素血症患者进行了直接增强鞍区冠状扫描。本文着重介绍检查方法及CT表现,并探讨高催乳素血症与垂体病变的关系,影响病灶显示的因素及临床意义。     

听骨链和迷路螺旋CT三维重建技术初步临床应用报告

目的探讨听骨链和迷路螺旋ＣＴ三维重建技术的临床应用和局限性。方法采用薄层螺旋扫描（层厚１．０ｍｍ）、小视野（ＦＯＶ＝５ｃｍ）、密集重建（间隔０．１ｍｍ）技术，对１４例正常和１５例中耳病变患者行听骨链和迷路三维重建成像，包括多平面重组（ＭＰＲ）、最小密度或最大密度投影（ＭｉｎＩＰ或ＭａｘＩＰ）和表面成像（ＳＳＤ）。结果１４例正常患者中对其中１３例听骨链及８例迷路进行三维重建，听骨链重建显示锤骨柄和砧骨长突平行共同指向蜗岬，砧镫关节呈“Ｌ”形影，迷路三维重建显示耳蜗和三个半规管。１３例中耳炎患者中９例胆脂瘤形成，显示听骨链不同程度的破坏，２例先天中耳畸形显示听骨链发育异常。结论螺旋ＣＴ三维重建技术有利于中耳畸形和其他耳部病变的诊断，但尚存在重建时间长、损失部分信息等缺点，有待进一步改善。