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81.
NESLIAH RAKICIOLU GÜLHAN SAMUR ALI TOPÇU AYLIN AYAZ TOPÇU 《Pediatrics international》2006,48(3):278-283
BACKGROUND: There are many advantages of breast milk for infants. Many factors can affect the volume and composition of breast milk. One of them is the maternal diet. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on maternal nutrition and breast milk composition. METHODS: A total of 21 breast-feeding mothers aged between 17 and 38 years who fasted during Ramadan month and volunteered to give milk samples were surveyed. The ages of the infants were between 2 and 5 months. The study was performed during Ramadan and 2 weeks after the end of Ramadan. RESULTS: The results showed that during Ramadan, zinc, magnesium and potassium levels in breast milk decreased significantly (P<0.05). The mother's weight increased approximately 1 kg after Ramadan. Changes in body mass index of the mother were not statistically significant. A significant decrease in vitamin A intake was observed after Ramadan (P < 0.05). During Ramadan, energy and most nutrient intakes except protein and vitamins A and C were found below daily recommended dietary allowances necessary for lactating women. CONCLUSIONS: Ramadan fasting had no significant effect on the macronutrient composition of the breast milk and consequently the growth of the infants. There were significant differences in some of the micronutrients such as zinc, magnesium and potassium. The nutritional status of lactating women was affected by Ramadan fasting. All of the nutrient intakes (except vitamins A, E and C) decreased during Ramadan. For these reasons, it would seem prudent to excuse lactating women from fasting during Ramadan. 相似文献
82.
Edvardas Kaminskas Ann Farrell Sophia Abraham Amy Baird Li-Shan Hsieh Shwu-Luan Lee John K Leighton Hasmukh Patel Atiqur Rahman Rajeshwara Sridhara Yong-Cheng Wang Richard Pazdur 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(10):3604-3608
PURPOSE: This article summarizes data submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for marketing approval of azacitidine as injectable suspension (Vidaza, Pharmion Corporation, Boulder, CO) for treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In one phase 3 controlled trial, 191 study subjects were randomized to treatment with azacitidine or to observation; an additional 120 patients were treated with azacitidine in two phase 2 single arm studies. The primary efficacy end point was the overall response rate, defined as complete or partial normalization of peripheral blood counts and bone marrow blast percentages for at least 4 weeks. RESULTS: In the controlled trial, the overall response rate was 15.7% in the azacitidine treatment group; there were no responders in the observation group (P < 0.0001). Response rates were similar in the two single arm studies. During response patients stopped being red cell or platelet transfusion dependent. Median duration of responses was at least 9 months. An additional 19% of azacitidine-treated patients had less than partial responses, most becoming transfusion independent. The most common adverse events attributed to azacitidine were gastrointestinal, hematologic, local (injection site), and constitutional. There were no azacitidine-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: On May 19, 2004 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved azacitidine as injectable suspension for treatment of patients with the following myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes: refractory anemia or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (if accompanied by neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or requiring transfusions), refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Full prescribing information is available at http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2004/050794lbl.pdf. Azacitidine is the first agent approved for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. 相似文献
83.
Huseyin Buyukbayram Sebahattin Cureoglu Adem Arslan A. Rahman I ikakdogan 《Cancer investigation》2005,22(2):195-202
The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of p53, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Sixty pathologic specimens from the patients with LSCC were examined for the expression of the p53 and PCNA, with complete follow-up data. Sixty-three percent of the cases displayed nuclear p53 overexpression. There was a correlation between p53 overexpression and histological grades (p = 0.03), and localization site (p = 0.05). Median of PCNA index was 42.2 (range 5.9 to 85.2). There was no difference between the p53 overexpression group and the normal group in proliferative activity determined by PCNA (p = 0.73). In univariate analyses, localization site, grade, stage, invasion pattern, lymph node status, were significant factors in estimating disease free survival (DFS). Grade was the most important factor affecting recurrence (p = 0.002). In multivariate analyses, grade was the only significant predictor for DFS (p = 0.001). Grade (p = 0.001) and invasion pattern (p = 0.03) were found to be significant predictors of overall survival. In conclusion, the histological grade was the most reliable important prognostic factor. Further studies are necessary to facilitate understanding of the mechanisms of laryngeal carcinogenesis. 相似文献
84.
Donna E. Hansel Ayman Rahman Robb E. Wilentz Ie-ming Shih Michael T. McMaster Charles J. Yeo Anirban Maitra MD 《Journal of gastrointestinal cancer》2005,35(1):15-23
HLA-G belongs to the nonclassical MHC class Ib group of molecules and has been implicated in mediating immune-responsiveness in various cancerous and non-cancerous cell types. We have examined HLA-G expression in a number of human gastrointestinal malignancies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ampullary cancer, biliary cancer, and colorectal cancer by immunolabeling analysis. We used indices of <5% (negative), 6–25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, and >75% (diffuse) to subclassify lesions based on percentage of positive cell labeling. Across all cancer subtypes, 52–79% of lesions demonstrated expression of HLA-G, with up to 33% of lesions demonstrating diffuse (>75%) expression. In addition, we utilized the neoplastic progression model of colorectal cancer to evaluate HLA-G protein expression in normal colon, tubulovillous adenomas, invasive cancer, and liver metastases arising from colorectal cancer. Focal HLA-G expression was detected in regions of normal colon adjacent to sites of adenomatous and cancerous lesions, as well as in all stages of cancer progression. Overall, the percentage of diffusely (>75%) labeled lesions appeared increased in preneoplastic and neoplastic conditions, as compared to normal colon. Specifically, tubulovillous adnenomas demonstrated pronounced diffuse labeling in 58% of lesions examined. No correlation with HLA-G expression and CD4+ or CD8+ T cells was identified. We propose that HLA-G expression is upregulated in a large percentage of gastrointestinal lesions and may serve to mediate immuneresponsiveness in certain instances. 相似文献
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89.
Md. Mujibur Rahman Jong Kwon Lee Jayoung Jeong Young Rok Seo 《Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences》2013,5(2):49-54
In recent times engineered nanoparticles have been receiving much attention from researchers due to their extensive use in a variety of chemical, biological, and industrial areas. Their physiochemical properties have led to a number of uses in commercial products. Considering their broad applications, with increasing human contact the risks of exposure are also increasing. In vivo toxicity experiments involving administering nanoparticles to living organisms have shown their adverse effects on organ development and reproduction. Nanoparticles can be considerably more toxic than the large-sized particles since they can move relatively freely compared to bulkier molecules. Henceforth, it is our duty to assess the harmful health consequences associated with human exposure to nanoparticles in order to improve safe production and use. We will review the current applications of nanoparticles, and issues related to their toxicity. We will focus on safety regulations, risk assessment and regulatory guidelines of nanoparticles. The validation and standardization of nanotoxicity tests will further promote safe applications of nanotechnology in our daily lives. 相似文献
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